“…However, the air cleaning effect varied at different exposure levels, which was insignificant at low exposure levels and became evident at medium-high levels. One study reported that a ventilated classroom had PM 10 concentrations on average 66% lower than those measured in the unventilated control classroom [31]. Nearly half of the subjects have a ventilation system installed at home or office.…”
Background
To mitigate air pollution-related health risks and target interventions towards the populations bearing the greatest risks, the City Health Outlook (CHO) project aims to establish multi-scale, long-lasting, real-time urban environment and health monitoring networks. A major goal of CHO is to collect data of personal exposure to particulate air pollution through a full profile that consists of a matrix of activities and micro-environments. As the first paper of a series, this paper is targeted at illustrating the characteristics of the participants and examining the effects of different covariates on personal exposure at various air pollution exposure levels.
Methods
In the first campaign, volunteers are recruited to wear portable environmental sensors to record their real-time personal air pollution exposure and routes. After a web-based social media recruitment strategy, 50 eligible subjects joined the first campaign in Beijing from January 8 to January 20, 2018. The mean personal exposures were measured at 19.36, 37.65, and 43.45 μg/m
3
for particulate matter (PM) with a diameter less than 1, 2.5, and 10 μm, respectively, albeit with the high spatial-temporal variations.
Results
Unequal distribution of exposures was observed in the subjects with different sociodemographic status, travel behavior, living and health conditions. Quantile regression analysis reveals that subjects who are younger, less educated, exposed to passive smoking, low to middle household income, overweight, without ventilation system at home or office, and do not possess private vehicles, are more susceptible to PM pollution. The differences, however, are generally insignificant at low exposure levels and become evident on bad air quality days.
Conclusions
The heterogeneity in personal exposure found in this the first CHO campaign highlighted the importance of studying the pollution exposure at the individual scale. It is at the critical stage to bridge the knowledge gap of environmental inequality in different populations, which can lead to great health implications.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7022-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…However, the air cleaning effect varied at different exposure levels, which was insignificant at low exposure levels and became evident at medium-high levels. One study reported that a ventilated classroom had PM 10 concentrations on average 66% lower than those measured in the unventilated control classroom [31]. Nearly half of the subjects have a ventilation system installed at home or office.…”
Background
To mitigate air pollution-related health risks and target interventions towards the populations bearing the greatest risks, the City Health Outlook (CHO) project aims to establish multi-scale, long-lasting, real-time urban environment and health monitoring networks. A major goal of CHO is to collect data of personal exposure to particulate air pollution through a full profile that consists of a matrix of activities and micro-environments. As the first paper of a series, this paper is targeted at illustrating the characteristics of the participants and examining the effects of different covariates on personal exposure at various air pollution exposure levels.
Methods
In the first campaign, volunteers are recruited to wear portable environmental sensors to record their real-time personal air pollution exposure and routes. After a web-based social media recruitment strategy, 50 eligible subjects joined the first campaign in Beijing from January 8 to January 20, 2018. The mean personal exposures were measured at 19.36, 37.65, and 43.45 μg/m
3
for particulate matter (PM) with a diameter less than 1, 2.5, and 10 μm, respectively, albeit with the high spatial-temporal variations.
Results
Unequal distribution of exposures was observed in the subjects with different sociodemographic status, travel behavior, living and health conditions. Quantile regression analysis reveals that subjects who are younger, less educated, exposed to passive smoking, low to middle household income, overweight, without ventilation system at home or office, and do not possess private vehicles, are more susceptible to PM pollution. The differences, however, are generally insignificant at low exposure levels and become evident on bad air quality days.
Conclusions
The heterogeneity in personal exposure found in this the first CHO campaign highlighted the importance of studying the pollution exposure at the individual scale. It is at the critical stage to bridge the knowledge gap of environmental inequality in different populations, which can lead to great health implications.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-7022-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…The actively ventilated classroom had on average a 66% lower concentration of airborne particles sizing under 10 μm than the unventilated classroom as shown in Fig. 23 [73] . Fig.…”
Section: Ventilation Solutions In Detailmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…23 Weekday plot of inorganic particles <10 μm (PM 10 ). Error bars show the standard error of the data measured during the 3 weeks test [73] . …”
Section: Ventilation Solutions In Detailmentioning
An unforeseen pandemic is facing the world caused by a corona virus known as SARS-CoV-2. Numerous measures are being put in place to try and reduce the spread of this deadly disease, with the most effective response to the outbreak being mass quarantines, a public health technique borrowed from the Middle Ages. The widely accepted main transmission mechanism is through droplet borne pathways. However, many researchers and studies are considering that this virus can also spread via the airborne route and remain for up to three hours in the air. This is leading to questions as to whether enough is being done regarding ventilation to reduce the risk of the spread of this or other diseases that may be air borne. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are the main focus when it comes to the transmission of such deadly pathogens and should be appropriately designed and operated. This paper reviews and critically evaluates the current ventilation strategies used in buildings to assess the state of the art and elaborates if there is room for further development, especially for high occupancy buildings, to reduce or eradicate the risk of pathogen transmission and adapt ventilation measures to new threats posed by pandemics.
“… David L. Johnson [ 22 ] 2018 Oklahoma City, USA(Hot) Mechanical Measurement HVAC system provided good control of temperature and humidity instead of interior fresh air supply. W.J.Trompetter [ 23 ] 2018 New Zealand(mild) Natural Measurement In classrooms with carpet, it is necessary to employ special air strategy to disperse the additional dust caused by carpets. Mark Luther et al [ 24 ] 2018 Victoria, Australia (Hot) Mechanical Measurement Air change rate, carbon dioxide exhalation rate and the number of pupils are three the three most significant parameters for predicting carbon dioxide concentration.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An improved ventilation strategy could effectively build needed interior situation and decrease the energy consumption of approximately 30% [ 33 ]. Furthermore, for classrooms with carpets, it is indispensable to utilize special air strategy to disperse the additional dust caused by carpets [ 23 ]. Sepideh Sadat Korsavi et al pointed out that opening strategy should also take the season condition into consideration in order to improve indoor air quality [ 32 ].…”
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