The Effect of Varying Protein Quality and Energy Intake on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Parenterally Fed Very Low Birthweight (<1600 g) Infants

Abstract

Summarvuse could potentially result in an increase in plasma free fatty Net nitrogen retention (NNR) and rates of whole-body protein turnover (Q), synthesis, and breakdown (B) were measured in 24 intravenously fed premature infants, birthweight <I600 g, at the end of the first week of life. Four regimes were used: Amigenglucose + Intralipid; Vamin-glucose rt Intralipid. Mean protein intake was 2.7 g/kg/day. Mean energy intakes were 68 to 98 kcal/ kg/day.Vamin was a better protein source ( P < 0.01), evidenced by a higher NNR, 72 + 2%, cf. 56 + 4% at high-energy intakes. The high-energy intake also improved (P < 0.01) protein retention (NNR); 64 cf. 50%. Infants receiving 2.9 g of Vamin (394 mg N)/ kg/day and 85 kcal/kg/day of nonprotein intake retained nitrogen a t intrauterine rates (282 k 7 mg/kg/day).Diet had no effect on 0. synthesis, or B. However, the protein source had a significant effect ( P < 0.01) on the fraction O~N-flux coming from protein breakdown (B/Q); 71.1% for Vamin, cf. 77.1% for Amigen. Similarly, energy intake had a significant effect ( P < 0.01) on the fraction N-flux utiiized for protein synthesis (S/Q); 91.3% high energy cf. 87.0% low energy. These results suggest that an increased energy intake improved N-retention by enhancing amino acid reutilization for protein synthesis, whereas a higher quality protein improved N-retention by limiting protein breakdown.

Negative effect of heat sterilization on the free amino acid concentrations in infant formula

“…An adequate supply of sufficient FAAs in infancy is thus crucial for the long-term well-being of the child. When an inadequate mixture of FAAs is fed, the rate of protein synthesis, the FAA metabolic response, and ultimately growth may be adversely affected (Duffy et al, 1981;Pencharz and Ball, 2003). Based on our current knowledge, it seems likely that while infant formula requires treatment to reduce microbial contamination, the process used should be one that spares important components of the milk.…”

Chemical composition and amino acids content of five species of edible Grasshoppers from Mexico

“…x x x X X X X X: Abundant, x: low, Seasonal availability depends on the biotic and abiotic conditions functions in human health, such as: leucine, regulator of protein turnover, transporter of nitrogen in the brain, and translation regulator; arginine, regulator of enzyme activity and precursor of signal transducer; glutamine, substrate of protein synthesis, for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, control for acid-base balance; phenylalanine, regulator for enzyme activity; tryptophan, neurotransmitter; alanine, nitrogen transporter (Duffy et al, 1981;Pencharz, 2012). These are only some of them.…”

“…From these, 8 are essential for adults and 10 for children; their study is focused in them providing nitrogen to the organism, for proteins are the only source of this energetic income (Duffy et al, 1981).…”

Effect of Low versus High Intravenous Amino Acid Intake on Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Early Neonatal Period

“…Infants were enrolled in isotope studies if parents consented to blood sampling and if endotracheal tube air leak was Ͻ5% to ensure accurate carbon dioxide production measurements. Infants were administered a priming dose of [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C]leucine (1.0 mg/kg ϭ 7.6 mol/kg) and [6,6-2H2] ). All isotopes were obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Woburn, MA, U.S.A.).…”