The Effect of Various Substances on Resistance to Experimental Infections

Kiser, J. S.; Lindh, H. F.; Mello, G. C. de

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1956.tb40137.x

Cited by 53 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is also a known fact tbat an injection of zymosan alters tbe properdin level in serum of treated animals. Other workers bave sbown tbat zymosan itself could increase or lower resistance of mice to cballenge witb a variety of organisms, depending on dose and route of administration of zymosan and tbe time interval between sucb injection and tbe cballenge (Kiser, Lindh and de Mello, 1956).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Staphylococcal Interference Effect

Pawlyszyn

Gulasekharam

1963

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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SUMMARY.An injection of bacterial supernatant from pathogenic or non-pathogenic staphylococci produces in mice a high degree of early and transient protection against staphylococcal infection and a low degree of protection against infection by other organisms. Similar results were obtained with purified fractions of the staphylococcal supernatant. A Pseudomonas preparation, however, gave an equally high degree of protection against staphylococcal and Bacillus friedlander infections.Mice protected with staphylococcal supernatant, when given an injection of zymosan 24 hours before being subsequently infected, showed a marked decrease of resistance to staphylococcal infection and an increase of resistance to infection by B. friedlander. Similar treatment with zymosan had little effect on the degree of protection in mice immunised with Pseudomonas culture supernatant. Zymosan alone, given under the conditions of the above test, had no effect on the susceptibility of the mice to staphylococcal or B. friedUmder infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Staphylococcal Interference Effect

Pawlyszyn

Gulasekharam

1963

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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“…Such resistance is almost certainly nonspecific since these substances can induce transient protection against a variety of microbial challenges (Kiser, Lindh & de Mello, 1956;Whitby, Michael, Woods & Landy, 1961).…”

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confidence: 98%

Active immunity in experimental candidiasis in mice

1967

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“…It was shown earlier that endotoxin protects mice against subsequent staphylococcal ( 5,6) and streptococcal ( 7 ) infections. It was also known that pretreatment of mice with zymosan induces resistance against gram-positive cocci (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Protection of Mice Against Gram-Positive Bacteria with Maytenus laevis and Other RES Stimulants

DiCarlo¹,

Haynes²,

Sliver³

et al. 1964

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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A survey of botanical preparations revealed a number of specimens capable of inducing hyperphagocytic activity in mice ( 1 ) . Judged by effect upon rate of clearance of intravascular carbon( 2,3), the most potent preparation was a suspension of pulverized leaves of a Venezuelan evergreen (Maytenus laevis) .This preparation was interesting because (a) administered intravenously, it accelerated phagocytosis without inducing hepatosplenomegaly, and (b) it showed evidence of activity following oral administration.The present study deals with the ability of Maytenus laevis leaves to protect mice experimentally challenged with pathogenic bacteria. For comparison, 3 other RES stimulants (endotoxin, zymosan and live Mycobacterium phlei Halpern) were investigated with the same test systems.Materials and methods. The mice employed were 18-22 g females, Swiss Ha/ICR strain supplied by K-G Farms, Parsippany, N. J. Desiccated leaves of Maytenus laevis were pulverized to < 80 mesh, and employed as a suspension in physiological saline. Zymosan (Fleischmann Laboratories, Stamford, Conn.) and fresh Mycobacterium phlei Halpern were also suspended in saline for administration to mice. Endotoxin from Salmonella abortus equi (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) was administered in saline solution.Three series of protection tests were conducted. Test series 1 and 2 involved experimental infection with Staphylococcus aureus Smith. The challenge microorganism in test series 3 was P-hemolytic Streptococcus pyrogenes type 4. The virulence of these pathogenic bacteria was maintained by a series of 24 hour mouse passages. Then heart blood was collected with sterile technique and used to inoculate sterilized trypticase soy broth (Baltimore Biological Laboratory, Baltimore.to 24 hours a t 37OC. Virulence titrations rather than bacterial counts, were performed. Considering the broth culture to have unit concentration, suspensions were diluted serially for injection. Staphylococci were diluted with trypticase soy broth fortified with 5% hog gastric mucin to enhance pathogenicity. Streptococcal cultures were diluted only with soy broth.In each test series, the virulence titration and the challenge of treated mice were conducted at the same time. In test series 1, the virulence of the Staphylococcus aureus Smith culture was determined by intraperitoneal injection of groups of 6 mice with 0.5 ml of culture diluted to ~O I -~, 1 F 6 , lo-", and At that time, there were available groups of 301 mice which had been injected intravenously with each RES stimulant on the previous day and groups of 30 mice which had been treated similarly 5 days earlier. Appropriate groups of 6 treated mice were challenged with 5 dilutions of the staphylococcal culture. The animals were caged by group (of 6) and observed for the subsequent week. Dead mice were removed as soon as possible after death. From the recorded deaths, the LD50 of the culture and the standard error were calculated by the statistical method of Miller and Tainter (4).The virulence titrations of stap...

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The Effect of Various Substances on Resistance to Experimental Infections

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

The Staphylococcal Interference Effect

The Staphylococcal Interference Effect

Active immunity in experimental candidiasis in mice

Protection of Mice Against Gram-Positive Bacteria with Maytenus laevis and Other RES Stimulants

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