The effect of various adjuvants on the insecticidal activity of diflubenzuron against the cabbage aphid, <i>Brevicoryne brassicae</i> (L.)

Radwan, H. S. A.; Mesbah, H. A.; Abdelfattah, Mohamed S.; El-Mohymen, M. R. Abd; Hassan, Noura

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1982.tb02588.x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Decreased toxicity, relative to the adjuvant alone, was observed in combinations of all 6 of the tested pesticides mixed with the adjuvant Dyne-Amic and 2 of the 5 tested pesticides in combinations with Cohere or LI 700. Antagonism of insecticide toxicity when combined with adjuvants has also been observed in aphids (Radwan et al 1982). Adjuvantherbicide mixtures have also shown antagonism, which may be due to the increased pH of the spray solution, which can cause the appearance of precipitates (Nalewaja et al 1991, Kirkwood 1993.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of spray adjuvants and tank mix combinations used in almond orchards to adult honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Shannon,

Walker,

Johnson

2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Commercial beekeepers transporting honey bees across the United States to provide almond pollination services have reported honey bee deaths, possibly due to pesticide applications made during crop bloom. Pesticides are often applied as “tank mixes”, or mixtures of fungicides and insecticides combined into a single application. Spray adjuvants are often added to tank mixes to improve the application characteristics of a pesticide and include spreaders, stickers, or surfactants. The goal of this research was to determine toxicity of adjuvants to adult worker honey bees, both when applied alone and in adjuvant-pesticide tank mixtures. Field-relevant combinations of formulated products were applied to 3-day-old adult worker honey bees using a Potter Spray Tower, and mortality was assessed 48 h following exposure. Adjuvants tested included Activator-90, Attach, Choice Weather Master, Cohere, Dyne-Amic, Induce, Kinetic, LI 700, Liberate, Nu-Film P, PHT Latron B-1956, and Surf-90; fungicides tested include Luna Sensation (Fluopyram and Trifloxystrobin), Pristine (Pyraclostrobin and Boscalid), Tilt (Propiconazole), and Vangard (Cyprodinil), and insecticides tested include Altacor (Chlorantraniliprole), Intrepid 2F (Methoxyfenozide), and a positive control Mustang Maxx (Zeta-cypermethrin). Results demonstrated that exposure to some adjuvants causes acute honey bee mortality at near-field application rates, both when applied alone and in combination with pesticides. Some adjuvant-pesticide combinations demonstrated increased toxicity compared with the adjuvant alone, while others demonstrated decreased toxicity. A better understanding of adjuvant and adjuvant-pesticide tank mixture toxicity to honey bees will play a key role in informing “Best Management Practices” for pesticide applicators using spray adjuvants during bloom when honey bee exposure is likely.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of spray adjuvants and tank mix combinations used in almond orchards to adult honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Shannon,

Walker,

Johnson

2023

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Review: the risks of spray adjuvants to honey bees

Shannon,

Jeon,

Johnson

2023

Journal of Insect Science

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Pesticide applications are often made as tank mixes containing multiple pesticide products and may include spray adjuvants to enhance pesticidal activities. The primary aim of adjuvant products is to increase the spreading and sticking of spray droplets and to increase the penetration of active ingredients through the cuticles of leaves or targeted pests, which can reduce the amount of active ingredient needed for effective pest control. Adjuvants are made up of compounds drawn from the “inert ingredient” list maintained by EPA but are identified as “principal functioning agents” when used in adjuvant products. These inert compounds do not undergo the same testing and risk assessment process that is required of pesticide active ingredients and generally have no mitigation measures that prevent application onto crops during bloom at times of day when bees are foraging. Honey bees (Apis mellifera;Hymenoptera:Apidae) are at an increased risk of exposure to adjuvant tank mixtures while providing agricultural pollination services. Colony losses attributed to pesticide applications thought to have low risk to honey bees have been reported, highlighting the need to better understand the toxicity of adjuvants included in pesticide tank mixtures. This review summarizes current literature on the risks posed to honey bees by agricultural adjuvants and tank mix combinations of adjuvants with pesticides. Based on the current state of knowledge, we make recommendations to pesticide applicators, product manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and researchers regarding adjuvant toxicity to honey bees with the goal of reducing risks that adjuvants pose to honey bees and other beneficial insects.

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Potentiation between benzoylphenyl ureas in relation to the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)

El-Bermawy

Darwish

El-Sheikh

et al. 1987

J Applied Entomology

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The activity of 2 benzoylphenyl ureas, Diflubenzuron and Triflumuron alone in addition to the joint action for 5 of their binary combinations at different mixing ratios, was assayed through continuous exposure of the green cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) 3rd instar larvae to treated cabbage leaves. Combinations of both IGRs at different mixing ratios were more active and revealed, in general, accumulated mortality percentages during immature and adult stages much higher than that of each IGR alone at the same testing level of 0.1 or 0.05 ppm. Also, different experimental combinations disrupted aphid development much more than within each IGR alone and resulted in less number of individuals that succeeded to develope as adults. Likewise, the reproductive potentiality of the produced adults as well as survival of their resulting off‐spring was adversely affected, relatively more within different combinations than with each IGR alone. However, in particular, Diflubenzuron/Triflumuron at mixing ratio of 4:1 exhibited the maximum bioactivity in this respect. Zusammenfassung Zur Wirkungssteigerung zweier Wirkstoffe der Benzoyl‐phenyl‐Harnstoffgruppe beim Einsatz gegen die Mehlige Kohlblattlaus, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) Die Wirkung von zwei Harnstoffderivaten, Diflubenzuron und Triflumuron, wurden gegen Brevicoryne brassicae einzeln und in 5 verschiedenen Kombinationen getestet. Läuse des dritten Stadiums wurden durchgehend auf behandelten Kohlblättern gezüchtet. Die Kombination der beiden Wirkstoffe waren in den verschiedenen Mischungsverhältnissen wirksamer, d.h. das akkumulierte Mortalitätsprozent während des Larven‐ und Imaginalstadiums war höher als bei Einzelapplikation der beiden Wirkstoffe. Es wurden jeweils die Konzentrationen 0,1 ppm und 0,05 ppm getestet. Auch traten bei den Kombinationen häufiger Entwicklungsstörungen auf, so daß sich weniger Larven zu Imagines entwickelten als bei Behandlung mit nur einem der Wirkstoffe. Ebenso war die Kombination hinsichtlich der Reduktion der Reproduktion und der Lebensdauer der Nachkommen wirksamer. Eine Mischung von 4 Teilen Diflubenzuron und 1 Teil Triflumuron zeigte die höchste Bioaktivität bezüglich der hier untersuchten Reaktionen.

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The effect of various adjuvants on the insecticidal activity of diflubenzuron against the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Toxicity of spray adjuvants and tank mix combinations used in almond orchards to adult honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Toxicity of spray adjuvants and tank mix combinations used in almond orchards to adult honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Review: the risks of spray adjuvants to honey bees

Potentiation between benzoylphenyl ureas in relation to the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)

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