The effect of variation in the calorie: protein ratio of the diet on nitrogen retention and body composition in the rat

Wagle, D. S.; Marfatia, Urmila; Sreenivasan, A.

doi:10.1079/bjn19620038

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Furthermore, myofiber number and size can be differently influenced by protein levels in maternal diet (Rehfeldt et al., 2012). Changes in E: P ratios require a metabolic adjustment by the animal (Wagle et al., 1962), which we hypothesize may have triggered an epigenetic effect and influenced gene expression relating to growth and breast muscle development in the offspring. However, epigenetic mechanisms were not evaluated in the current study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets reduced offspring body weight and yield

et al. 2019

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The objective of the current research was to evaluate transgenerational effects of maternal dietary energy and protein on growth, efficiency, and yield of broiler offspring. A factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of high and low ME and CP levels fed during the rearing and laying phases was used. The study was a final 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including broiler sex. Ross 708 broiler breeder pullets (n = 933) were fed diets containing 2,736 (HE REAR ) or 2,528 kcal/kg ME (LE REAR ) with either 15.3% (HP REAR ) or 13.7% CP (LP REAR ). From 25 wk, dams were fed a 15% CP laying diet containing 2,900 (HE LAY ) or 2,800 kcal/kg ME (LE LAY ). Following artificial insemination of the dams at 35 wk, eggs were collected for 1 wk, incubated, and pedigree hatched to preserve maternal identity. Broiler offspring were placed sex-separately into 32 pens, according to laying phase maternal treatments, with rearing maternal treatments nested within pens. Individual BW and pen level feed intake were recorded weekly. Broilers were processed at 40 d of age to evaluate yield. Maternal diet effects on offspring BW were sex dependent and transient. Female LP REAR × LE LAY broilers had lower pectoralis major and carcass yield than HP REAR × LE LAY females. Male HP REAR × HE LAY broilers had increased breast yield (19.8%) compared with 18.4% in HP REAR × LE LAY broilers. Carcass yield was lower in LE REAR × HP REAR broilers (63.7%) compared with HE REAR × HP REAR broilers (64.9%). LE REAR × HP REAR dams had the lowest ME to CP ratio (E: P) diets and highest rearing phase CP intake. Maternal diet did not influence offspring FCR. The most consistent contributor to increased BW was higher maternal dietary CP and ME during rearing. Low ME maternal laying phase diets increased BW of male offspring more consistently than of female offspring. Maternal nutrition also influenced broiler yield, and is thus economically important. Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets may have detrimental effects on offspring performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets reduced offspring body weight and yield

et al. 2019

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The Influence of Protein Level in the Diet on Nitrogen Content in the Total, and in the Gain of Body Mass of Growing Male Rats

1991

Archiv für Tierernaehrung

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The experiment was conducted on 364 male Wistar rats of which 74 were included into the "zero" group and the remaining 290 were divided into 5 experimental groups, corresponding to the dietary protein levels of 4, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The protein source in the diet was skim milk powder. The animals were fed individually and ad libitum. The experiment was performed between the 21 and 66 days of life of the rats and during this period, the animals in each group were successively killed to determine the nitrogen content in the body. Between the N content in the body and the body mass of rats from "zero" group, the relationship N0/W0 was determined. In each experimental group, two relationships were determined: --final nitrogen against final body mass--Nf/Wf --gain of nitrogen against gain of body mass--delta N/delta W. The derivatives of both functions were used for calculation of the daily gains of nitrogen (delta Nd) 1. According to the relationship Nf/Wf there was a similar significant increase of nitrogen content in the body in all groups with increasing the body mass, according to bc = 1.0413. The percentage of nitrogen in the body increased significantly only at dietary protein levels over 10%. 2. The rate of nitrogen gain in the gain of body mass according to delta N magnitude of was relatively constant in all groups (bc = 1). Thus, N-% in delta W was also relatively constant. N-% in the body gain increased significantly only at dietary protein levels over 10%. 3. Differences in the gains of nitrogen, as calculated by the derivative dNf/dWf and by d delta N/d delta W, showed in the first line in low-protein groups (on 4 and 5% protein) due to the error of estimation of the initial-N according to the equation N0 magnitude of W0. The mean relative error of estimation the initial-N was +/- 3% but in groups on 4 and 5% protein it charged the gain of N with 9-12% in spite of excluding from the relationship delta N magnitude of delta W rats with delta W less than 10 g. 4. Only when delta N greater than or equal to 1.3 g and delta W greater than or equal to 43, the error of estimation of delta N, did not exceed 3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Effect of maternal dietary energy and protein on live performance and yield dynamics of broiler progeny from young breeders

et al. 2014

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The objective of this research was to evaluate effects of female broiler breeder dietary ME and CP during rearing and dietary ME during early lay on broiler offspring performance and carcass yield dynamics. A factorial arrangement of treatments, with 2 ME levels, and 2 balanced protein levels from 3 to 24 wk, followed by 2 ME levels in the lay diets, and in the broilers, 2 sexes. A total of 1,635 broilers were housed in 32 pens, with 8 replicate pens according to maternal laying diet and sex. Maternal pullet diets were nested within pen (n = 9 to 14, depending on hatch rate). The broilers originated from 384 Ross 708 hens, which had been fed diets containing high (2,736 kcal/kg, HEREAR) or low ME (2,528 kcal/kg, LEREAR) combined with either high (15.3%, HPREAR) or low balanced protein (13.7% CP, LPREAR). Equal numbers of hens from each pullet treatment were then fed either a high (2,900 kcal/kg, HELAY) or low ME diet (2,800 kcal/kg, LELAY) containing 15% CP. Broilers were hatched from eggs collected at 28 wk of age, and fed identical diets. Broilers were individually weighed weekly. Serial dissections were conducted to evaluate yield breast muscle and abdominal fatpad dynamics. At 39 d, 180 broilers were processed to measure carcass yield. Female progeny of hens with the lowest CP intake during rearing (HEREAR × LPREAR) were lighter from 22 to 36 d of age than female offspring from hens that consumed more CP as pullets. We predicted the heaviest female progeny would result from an ME:CP ratio of 18.25 kcal/g in maternal pullet diets (P = 0.0063). Broiler breast yield increased when maternal EM:CP ratio increased after switching from pullet to laying diets. Hens fed HEREAR were fatter and had fatter progeny than LEREAR. Maternal diet, even during the pullet phase, influenced progeny growth and yield.

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The effect of variation in the calorie: protein ratio of the diet on nitrogen retention and body composition in the rat

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets reduced offspring body weight and yield

Energy and protein dilution in broiler breeder pullet diets reduced offspring body weight and yield

The Influence of Protein Level in the Diet on Nitrogen Content in the Total, and in the Gain of Body Mass of Growing Male Rats

Effect of maternal dietary energy and protein on live performance and yield dynamics of broiler progeny from young breeders

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