The effect of UV irradiation on polyamide 6/carbon-fiber composites based on three-dimensional printing

Pinpathomrat, Badin; Yamada, Kazutoyo; Yokoyama, Akira

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-03319-4

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Following accelerated environmental exposure, Onyx-Fiber and Onyx FR-Fiber exhibited reductions in both UTS (16% and 11%, respectively) and tensile modulus (5% and 14%, respectively). Some degradation is expected due to an accumulation of moisture at the PA6-CCF interface, thereby weakening interfacial bonding [ 9 ]. However, even after environmental exposure, the samples maintained 5× the UTS of non-reinforced samples by adding only 9 vol% of continuous carbon fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As this shift progresses, it is important to measure the key end-use properties such as mechanical strength and dimensional stability at the time of manufacture, but it is equally important to understand the evolution of these properties over the lifetime of the part [ 5 ]. Environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet light (UV) exposure on 3D-printed materials are less understood but vital to predicting long-term part success [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Radiation and chemical exposure are known to degrade plastic parts, and sunlight (UV) and rain (water) are no exception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods are utilized in conjunction with industry standards to qualify plastics for use in outdoor environments; for example, the UL 746C f1/f2 outdoor suitability of plastics program requires that a tested material retain 70% of the Control tensile or flexural strength, retain 70% of the Control impact strength, and maintain the flame performance of the Control after 1000 h of ASTM G155 Cycle 1 Xenon-arc exposure [ 11 , 21 ]. Although studies evaluating the UV stability of plastics manufactured using conventional methods (e.g., injection molding) are common, very few additive manufacturing studies addressing the UV stability of printed materials exist [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Stability of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Polyamide Composites

Imburgia¹,

Faust²,

Buitrago³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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As the adoption of additive manufacturing technologies for end-use parts continues to progress, the evaluation of environmental durability is essential for the qualification of manufactured articles in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electrical. This study explores the effects of UV and water-spray exposure on the mechanical properties of an additively manufactured polyamide 6 blend reinforced with short carbon fiber and continuous carbon fiber. Fused-filament-fabrication-printed test samples were exposed to a Xenon-arc UV source following ASTM G155 Cycle 1 conditions for a duration of 1000 h. Tensile, flexural, and Izod impact tests were performed on exposed and unexposed test samples. While Exposed tensile and flexural samples maintained their strength (84–100% and 88–100%, of Control samples, respectively), Izod impact strength increased (104–201% of Controls). This study also examines the influence of coatings and finds that samples coated with Krylon® Fusion All-In-One® and JetFlex® Polyurethane Primer maintain similar mechanical properties and exhibit a better visual appearance as compared to uncoated, exposed samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental Stability of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Polyamide Composites

Imburgia¹,

Faust²,

Buitrago³

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The UVGI method was not destructive enough to reduce the filtration efficiency of PA6 nanofiber-based masks. However, previous work used FTIR characterization to show that longer exposure of PA6 nanofibers to UVGI can lead to an increase in the C=O peak of 1710 cm -1 which is related to oxidation and degradation of the nanofibers (Pinpathomrat, Yamada, and Yokoyama 2020 ). Therefore, at longer exposure times and repeated disinfection cycles, UVGI may damage the nanofibers by physical degradation (Tian et al 2018 ; O'Hearn et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination Assessment of Nanofiber-based N95 Masks

Faridi‐Majidi¹,

Norouz

Boroumand³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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As the world battles with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, it also prepares for future global pandemics that threaten our health, economy, and survivor. During the outbreak, it became evident that use of personal protective equipment (PPE), specially face masks, can significantly slow the otherwise uncontrolled spread of the virus. Nevertheless, the outbreak and its new variants have caused shortage of PPE in many regions of the world. In addition, waste management of the enormous economical and environmental footprint of single use PPE has proven to be a challenge. Therefore, this study advances the theme of decontaminating used masks. More specifically, the effect of various decontamination techniques on the integrity and functionality of nanofiber-based N95 masks (i.e. capable of at least filtering 95% of 0.3 μm aerosols) were examined. These techniques include 70% ethanol, bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing as well as placement in autoclave, oven, and exposure to microwave (MW) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Herein, filtration efficiency (by Particle Filtration Efficiency equipment), general morphology, and microstructure of nanofibers (by Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy) prior and after every decontamination technique were observed. The results suggest that decontamination of masks with 70% ethanol can lead to significant unfavorable changes in the microstructure and filtration efficiency (down to 57.33%) of the masks. In other techniques such as bleaching, boiling, steaming, ironing and placement in the oven, filtration efficiency dropped to only about 80% and in addition, some morphological changes in the nanofiber microstructure were seen. Expectedly, there was no significant reduction in filtration efficiency nor microstructural changes in the case of placement in autoclave and exposure to the UV light. It was concluded that, the latter methods are preferable to decontaminate nanofiber-based N95 masks.

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“…Material candidates for preparing reinforced structures can not only increase the tensile strength but also reduce the distortion and warping of the material during deposition 5 However, continuous fiber composite materials such as carbon, Kevlar, and glass fibers (GF) have great application potential in construction, aerospace, and other engineering fields due to their ideal highlight ratio and high stiffness. 6 From an engineering perspective, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and Kevlar fiber are the three most common fiber composite materials, 7 while the glass fiber is a kind of economical and feasible reinforcement material. The investigation on the mechanical properties of 3D printed glass fiber reinforced composite is of great significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending

Zhang

Pan

et al. 2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been triumphantly applied for the manufacture of various composite components. In this work, acoustic emission (AE), X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) are used in conjunction with digital image correlation (DIC) measurement to investigate the mechanical behaviors of 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites under three-point bending test. Meanwhile, several mechanical experiments are carried out to study the flexural properties of three kinds of composite specimens, among which the specimens with larger glass fiber content exhibit more superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, AE response characterizations and microscopic damage morphology are also examined. In consequence, the complementary nondestructive testing (NDT) technology combining AE, DIC, and Micro CT is successfully applied to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of 3D printed composites, and the flexural deformation and damage are comparatively investigated for different composite specimens. The cross-validation results of cluster analysis (k-means), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and principal component analysis (PCA) show that AE parameters including frequency, amplitude, and RA value (rise time divided by peak amplitude) are closely associated with the damage process of different specimens. The results show that the PCA can confirm the selected K-means cluster analysis parameters (peak frequency and peak amplitude) and the dimensionality reduction effects of 20% glass fiber specimens have the best results, indicating that the proportion of the principal components extracted can represent the original parameters is 81%. It was also confirmed that the supervised learning KNN algorithm corresponding to different damage patterns can verify the unsupervised learning k-means cluster. Correspondingly, the strain fields characterized by DIC are reasonably matched with the AE signal responses. In addition, the critical damage and delamination mechanisms of the 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced composites are clearly revealed by Micro-CT characterization.

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The effect of UV irradiation on polyamide 6/carbon-fiber composites based on three-dimensional printing

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental Stability of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Polyamide Composites

Environmental Stability of Additively Manufactured Thermoplastic Polyamide Composites

Decontamination Assessment of Nanofiber-based N95 Masks

Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior and damage of 3D printed composites under three-point bending

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