The Effect of Using Combined Oral Ethinyl Estradiol and Levonorgestrel in the Resolution of Menstrual Pattern Disorder and Functional Ovarian Cyst

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of combined oral contraceptives (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) in resolving menstrual pattern disorder in reproductive-age women with a functional ovarian cyst in Iraq. Method: A longitudinal (before and after) , interventional study was used. Data were collected at a single obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient clinic in Mosul City, Iraq. Participants: A sample of 96 women aged between 15 and 45 years participated in the study. Participants diagnosed with ovarian cysts were treated using an oral administration of contraceptive pills (combination of ethinyl estradiol, 0.03 mg, and levonorgestrel, 0.15 mg) on a daily basis for a treatment duration of 2 months. The Outcome Measures are Menstrual pattern disorders (dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, and amenorrhea) and cyst dimensions were recorded. Results: After one therapy cycle, a statistically significant disappearance of menstrual pattern disorder was observed (p=0.000). Cyst resolution was observed in 89.58% of the patients (n=86), while mean ovarian cyst size fell from 4.452 ± 1.0603 cm at the start of therapy to 0 .451 ± 1.5613 cm(p = 0.000). 5 of the 10 persistent cysts disappeared after the second cycle (2 months after the start of therapy) and complete cyst resolution was 94.8% (n = 91) after two cycles. This indicated a further significant reduction of mean ovarian cyst size to 0.335 ± 1.4684 cm. However, no significant difference was observed between mean cyst size in the first and second months of treatment (p=0.329). Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptives (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel pills) are effective in relieving dysmenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, and amenorrhea. They also hasten the disappearance of functional ovarian cysts, and are associated with high rates of success in patients with functional ovarian cysts.

Comparative study between calcium dobesilate and proteolytic enzymes in treatment of simple ovarian cyst

“…Our results revealed that pain was present in about 32% of the doxium group and 48% in the alphintern group. A previous study has proven similar results (44.8%) [7].…”

“…We found that alphintern group patients improved earlier than the doxium group, however, both drugs had the same effect on the cyst size after three months of treatment (median =1 in doxium and 0.5 in alphintern with P=0.346). A previous study had used the contraceptive pills only for two months and found shared with us in the significant improve appeared after two months (P-value < 0.005 between pretreatment and after two months cyst in the contraceptive study and alphintern group and doxium group) [7].…”

“…Regarding the ovarian cyst size, our results agreed with the study conducted by Ismael et al, (2020) regarding the ovarian cyst size (median =3.3 in the doxium group and 3.9 in the alphintern group) versus 4.452 ± 1.0603 for three months. At the end of the study, they found that the cyst was persistent in about 22 % of the patients versus 10 (20 %) patients and 8 (16 %) patients in doxium and alphintern groups, respectively [7].…”

“…Moreover, Calcium dobesilate (CaD) de-creased severe OHSS to 2% [6]. Another study tested the management of the ovarian cyst, but they used contraceptive pills as a line of treatment for functional ovarian cyst [7].…”

Achieving Successful Pregnancy in a Patient With Ovarian Endometriosis Through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Intervention: A Case Report

“…Amenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycles, and dysmenorrhea can all be effectively treated with ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel tablets. Additionally, they speed up the elimination of functional ovarian cysts and are linked to excellent success rates for those who have them [ 13 ]. When opting for conservative management for patients with endometriomas greater than 3 cm and moving forward with IVF, it is crucial to consider two factors: first, the number of women with large endometriomas undergoing IVF-ICSI is not high; and second, endometriomas larger than 7-8 cm carry an increased risk of infection and cancer from pick-up [ 1 ].…”