The effect of urinary cadmium on cardiovascular fitness as measured by VO2 max in white, black and Mexican Americans

Egwuogu, Heartley; Shendell, Derek G.; Okosun, Ike S.; Goodfellow, Lynda T

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2008.11.010

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, cadmium remains a concern because of evidence indicating toxicity at the current levels of environmental exposure. For example, even at the reduced recent levels of exposure, cadmium has been related to cardiovascular, bone, and kidney disease in studies of NHANES 1999–2008 data (Egwuogu et al 2009; Gallagher et al 2008; Navas-Acien et al 2004, 2005, 2009; Peters et al 2010; Tellez-Plaza et al 2008, 2010), supporting the need to further reduce cadmium exposure. Because the epidemiologic evidence available is mostly cross-sectional, prospective epidemiologic studies are needed to understand the health consequences of cadmium exposure and to evaluate the adequacy of current food and environmental safety standards.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Cadmium Exposure in the United States Population, 1988–2008: The Contribution of Declining Smoking Rates

Téllez-Plaza

Navas‐Acien

Caldwell³

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

132

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Background: Public health policies such as tobacco control, air pollution reduction, and hazardous waste remediation may have reduced cadmium exposure among U.S. adults. However, trends in urine cadmium, a marker of cumulative cadmium exposure, have not been evaluated.Objectives: We estimated the trends in urine cadmium concentrations in U.S. adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1988 to 2008. We also evaluated the impact of changes in the distribution of available cadmium determinants (age, sex, race, education, body mass index, smoking, and occupation) at the population level to explain cadmium trends.Methods: The study population included 19,759 adults ≥ 20 years of age with measures of urine cadmium and cadmium determinants.Results: Age-adjusted geometric means of urine cadmium concentrations were 0.36, 0.35, 0.27, 0.27, 0.28, 0.25, and 0.26 µg/g creatinine in 1988–1991, 1991–1994, 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2005–2006, and 2007–2008, respectively. The age, sex, and race/ethnicity-adjusted percent reduction in urine cadmium geometric means comparing 1999–2002 and 2003–2008 with 1988–1994 were 27.8% (95% confidence interval: 22.3%, 32.9%) and 34.3% (29.9%, 38.4%), respectively (p-trend < 0.001), with reductions in all participant subgroups investigated. In never smokers, reductions in serum cotinine accounted for 15.6% of the observed reduction. In ever smokers, changes in smoking cessation, and cumulative and recent dose accounted for 17.1% of the observed reduction.Conclusions: Urine cadmium concentrations decreased markedly between 1988 and 2008. Declining smoking rates and changes in exposure to tobacco smoke may have played an important role in the decline of urine cadmium concentrations, benefiting both smokers and nonsmokers. Cadmium has been associated to several health outcomes in NHANES 1999–2008. Consequently, despite the observed decline, further reduction in cadmium exposure is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Cadmium Exposure in the United States Population, 1988–2008: The Contribution of Declining Smoking Rates

Téllez-Plaza

Navas‐Acien

Caldwell³

et al. 2012

Environ Health Perspect

132

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“…29 An inverse association between urinary cadmium levels and level of cardiovascular fitness assessed by volume of oxygen consumed at submaximal activity was demonstrated in participants of NHANES 1999-2000. 30 There is paucity of data studying associations between other heavy metals and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Navas-Acien et al demonstrated an association of urinary cadmium, tungsten, and antimony with PAD in a smaller subsample derived from NHANES 1999-2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals and Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006

et al. 2011

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We assessed the role of lead and cadmium as partial mediators between smoking and composite cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). We also studied the association between urinary heavy metals and CCVD. Pooled data from NHANES 1999-2006 were examined. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease was determined using a standardized questionnaire asking about history of stroke, angina, heart attack, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Increasing serum cadmium levels were associated with increasing prevalence of CCVD (P-trend: .03). Adjusted odds-ratio (OR) for active smokers versus never smokers was 2.09 (1.67-2.63). Adjustment for lead did not affect the OR but adjustment for cadmium significantly attenuated the OR (1.54 [1.17-2.03]). Significant association was observed between CCVD and urinary antimony, cadmium, cobalt, and tungsten. High levels of serum cadmium (>0.61 µg/L) were associated with CCVD. The relationship between smoking and CCVD was partially mediated through cadmium. Urinary antimony, cadmium, cobalt, and tungsten may be associated with CCVD.

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“…In the US, cadmium exposure has substantially decreased during the last decades, in part related to reductions in smoking [ 34 ]. Cadmium exposure, however, remains an important concern, because even at the currently reduced levels of exposure, cadmium has been related to cardiovascular, bone, and kidney disease in studies of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2008 data [ 35 - 41 ]. In epidemiologic studies, cadmium concentrations in blood and urine are established biomarkers of cadmium exposure and internal dose [ 33 , 42 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental chemicals and DNA methylation in adults: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

et al. 2015

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Current evidence supports the notion that environmental exposures are associated with DNA-methylation and expression changes that can impact human health. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between environmental chemicals with DNA methylation levels in adults. After excluding arsenic, recently evaluated in a systematic review, we identified a total of 17 articles (6 on cadmium, 4 on lead, 2 on mercury, 1 on nickel, 1 on antimony, 1 on tungsten, 5 on persistent organic pollutants and perfluorinated compounds, 1 on bisphenol A, and 3 on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The selected articles reported quantitative methods to determine DNA methylation including immunocolorimetric assays for total content of genomic DNA methylation, and microarray technologies, methylation-specific quantitative PCR, Luminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA), and bisulfite pyrosequencing for DNA methylation content of genomic sites such as gene promoters, LINE-1, Alu elements, and others. Considering consistency, temporality, strength, dose-response relationship, and biological plausibility, we concluded that the current evidence is not sufficient to provide inference because differences across studies and limited samples sizes make it difficult to compare across studies and to evaluate sources of heterogeneity. Important questions for future research include the need for larger and longitudinal studies, the validation of findings, and the systematic evaluation of the dose-response relationships. Future studies should also consider the evaluation of epigenetic marks recently in the research spotlight such as DNA hydroxymethylation and the role of underlying genetic variants.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0055-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The effect of urinary cadmium on cardiovascular fitness as measured by VO2 max in white, black and Mexican Americans

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Reduction in Cadmium Exposure in the United States Population, 1988–2008: The Contribution of Declining Smoking Rates

Reduction in Cadmium Exposure in the United States Population, 1988–2008: The Contribution of Declining Smoking Rates

Heavy Metals and Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006

Environmental chemicals and DNA methylation in adults: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence

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