The effect of unsaturated fatty acids on <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> and other Gram-positive micro-organisms

Kodíček, E.; Worden, Alastair N.

doi:10.1042/bj0390078

Cited by 122 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Instead, we showed that commensal lactobacilli metabolize saturated LCFA, in vivo and in cultured cells, to promote their expansion. Saturated fatty acids were reported to serve as vitamin B substitute and promote growth of Lactobacillus species 21 . Chronic ethanol intake might therefore decrease levels of Lactobacillus species by reducing intestinal levels of saturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids Maintains Intestinal Eubiosis and Reduces Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Mice

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background & Aims Alcoholic liver disease is a leading cause of mortality. Chronic alcohol consumption is accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis, and development of alcoholic liver disease requires gut-derived bacterial products. However, little is known about how alterations to the microbiome contribute to pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Methods We used the Tsukamoto-French mouse model which involves continuous intragastric feeding of isocaloric diet or alcohol for 3 weeks. Bacterial DNA from the cecum was extracted for deep metagenomic sequencing. Targeted metabolomics assessed concentrations of saturated fatty acids in cecal contents. To maintain intestinal metabolic homeostasis, diets of ethanol-fed and control mice were supplemented with saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Bacterial genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, amounts of lactobacilli, and saturated LCFA were measured in fecal samples of non-alcoholic individuals and patients with active alcohol abuse. Results Analyses of intestinal contents from mice revealed alcohol-associated changes to the intestinal metagenome and metabolome, characterized by reduced synthesis of saturated LCFA. Maintaining intestinal levels of saturated fatty acids in mice resulted in eubiosis, stabilized the intestinal gut barrier and reduced ethanol-induced liver injury. Saturated LCFA are metabolized by commensal Lactobacillus and promote their growth. Proportions of bacterial genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were lower in feces from patients with active alcohol abuse than controls. Total levels of LCFA correlated with those of lactobacilli in fecal samples from patients with active alcohol abuse but not in controls. Conclusion In humans and mice, alcohol causes intestinal dysbiosis, reducing the capacity of the microbiome to synthesize saturated LCFA and the proportion of Lactobacillus species. Dietary approaches to restore levels of saturated fatty acids in the intestine might reduce ethanol-induced liver injury in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids Maintains Intestinal Eubiosis and Reduces Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Mice

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…oleic and linoleic acids) inhibit multiplication of Gram-positive but not Gram-negative,bacteria (Kodicek, 1956;Kodicek & Worden, 1945;McQuillen, 1958). McQuillen (1958) found that this inhibition was prevented by lecithin, several steroids, and a-tocopherol for Lactobacillus helveticus, while vitamin D2 annulled the inhibition of L. casei by linoleic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hypocholesteremic Compounds on Bacterial Multiplication

Aaronson

Fulco

1968

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

S U M M A R YHypocholesteremic compounds, triparanol, SKF 525-A, SKF 330 I -A, SKF I 6467-A, inhibited the multiplication of some bacteria and ascomycetes ; phycomycetes were not inhibited. Gram-positive bacteria were most sensitive to these compounds. Dimethyl or diethyl aminoethanol and SKF 2314, compounds resembling the major moieties of the SKF compounds, were not inhibitory alone or together; the whole molecule was necessary for inhibition. Inhibition by triparanol of the multiplication of several Gram-positive bacteria was annulled by albumin and ergosterol; oleic acid and squalene were mostly inactive. I N T R O D U C T I O NCompounds which inhibit steroid metabolism in mammals (' hypocholesteremics ') inhibit the multiplication of a wide variety of micro-organisms, especially Grampositive bacteria (Aaronson, 1965; Martin-Smith & Sugrue, 1964; Smith, Shay & Doorenbas, 1963). We have examined the effect on bacterial multiplication of several related hypocholesteremic compounds to determine (a) whether the Gram-positive bacteria are most sensitive; (b) the active moiety of the inhibitory compounds; (c) compounds which annul the inhibition; ( d ) the potential of these compounds as antibacterial compounds ; (e) whether the hypocholesteremic compounds can be used to study bacterial metabolism, especially the role of steroids in bacterial metabolism. M E T H O D SMicro-organisms from the collection of the Biology Department, Queens College, New York, were used. For disc assay, Whatman no. 50 filter-pad discs (0.6 cm. diam.) were soaked in solutions of the test compound at the concentration indicated, dried, and autoclaved. Bacteria were grown on nutrient agar; fungi on Sabouraud's glucose agar. Cultures in triplicate were incubated at 25' for 2 days or until they showed good growth over the surface of the Petri dish. Triparanol (I -[p-(4-diethylaminoethoxy)phenyl]-1-(p-tolyl)-2-p-chlorophenylethanol) was supplied by Dr F. J. Murray (W. S. Merrell, Cincinanti, Ohio); the SKF compounds by Dr W. L. Holmes (Smith Kline and French Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pa.). All other chemicals were bought from commercial sources. Triparanol, SKF-23 14, oleic acid, squalene, and ergosterol were dissolved in 95 % ethanol in water. Other compounds were dissolved in water.

show abstract

“…The results provide no evidence regarding the nature of the inhibitors although it is very probable that unsaturated fatty acids are involved. These substances are of widespread occurrence and have been reported to inhibit the growth of several different types of bacteria (Kodicek and Worden 1945;Ley and Mueller 1946;Pollock 1947). Recently Wynne and Foster (1948) have confirmed the effect of starch previously reported by Olsen and Scott (1946), and Foster and Wynne (1948) have shown that the germination of Cl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is most likely, therefore, that each substance increases the germination of heated spores by virtue of its capacity for adsorption, the most likely explanation being an adsorption of substances which inhibit spore germination. Following the reports of Kodicek and Worden (1945) that cholesterol reversed the anti-bacterial effects of unsaturated fatty acids against Lactobacillus helveticus, some tests were carried out with 0.1 per cent. cholesterol incorporated in the medium.…”

Section: (C) Experiments On the Mode Of Action Of Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enumeration of Heated Bacterial Spores

Olsen¹,

Scont²

1950

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryExperiments with 13 strains of types A and B Cl. botulinum have shown that the detection and enumeration of spores surviving lethal heating become increasingly difficult as the period of heating is increased. Media which are very satisfactory for enumerating unheated spores may be unsatisfactory for enumerating spores which survive the heat treatment. By comparison with unheated spores the numerical estimates of spores surviving severe heat treatments were more dependent on thioglycollate in the medium and on the pH and temperature during incubation. As the amount of heating was increased, the surviving spores became progressively more sensitive to inhibitors· in the medium. These inhibitory substances were present in all media used, and their effects were counteracted under a wide range of conditions by the incorporation of approximately 0.1 per cent. starch in the medium. The starch supplement produced no significant effect on the estimates of unheated spores. The effects of starch are a feature of the amylose portion of the undegraded starch molecule which, like charcoal or serum albumin, acts by adsorbing inhibitors from the medium. The probability that at least part of the inhibition is due to unsaturated fatty acids is discussed.The heated spores of several other species of Clostridium show a similar response to the inclusion of starch in the medium.

show abstract

The effect of unsaturated fatty acids on Lactobacillus helveticus and other Gram-positive micro-organisms

Cited by 122 publications

References 8 publications

Supplementation of Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids Maintains Intestinal Eubiosis and Reduces Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Mice

Supplementation of Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids Maintains Intestinal Eubiosis and Reduces Ethanol-induced Liver Injury in Mice

Effect of Hypocholesteremic Compounds on Bacterial Multiplication

The Enumeration of Heated Bacterial Spores

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About