The effect of unilateral vasectomy on testosterone and testicular parameters in the adult male African giant rat (&lt;i&gt;Cricetomys gambianus&lt;/i&gt;)

Duru, Francis Ikechukwu; Ajayi, Sunday A; Azu, Onyemaechi Okpara

doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i2.40

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The changes observed in our study suggest that in KO mice, exhaustion could occur in the seminiferous tubules in a manner similar to that occurring after vasectomy (Duru et al. ). The alterations in the ductal morphologies of these mice at 6 weeks of age are basically morphometric, and the disappearance of cell proliferation and increase in cell death by apoptosis appear to be substanti‐ally relevant to this process.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs‐2‐deficient mice

et al. 2018

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Insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs‐2) is an intracellular protein susceptible to phosphorylation after activation of the insulin receptor. Its suppression affects testis development and its absence induces peripheral resistance to insulin. The aim of this study was to identify changes induced by the deletion of Irs‐2 in the testicular structure and by the altered expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase, a protein necessary for the development and maturation of germ cells. Adult knockout (KO) mice (Irs‐2−/−, 6 and 12 weeks old) and age‐matched wild‐type (WT) mice were used in this study. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed to study proliferation (PCNA), apoptosis (active caspase‐3) and P450 aromatase expression in testicular histological sections. Deletion of Irs‐2 decreased the number of epithelial cells in the seminiferous tubule and rete testis. Aberrant cells were frequently detected in the epithelia of Irs‐2−/− mice, accompanied by variations in spermatogonia, which were shown to exhibit small hyperchromatic nuclei as well as polynuclear and anuclear structures. The amount of cell proliferation was significantly lower in Irs‐2−/− mice than in WT mice, whereas apoptotic processes were more common in Irs‐2−/− mice. Aromatase P450 reactivity was higher in 6‐week‐old KO mice than in WT mice of the same age and was even higher at 12 weeks. Our results suggest that Irs‐2 is a key element in spermatogenesis because silencing Irs‐2 induces the sequential development of testicular atrophy. The effects are observed mainly in germ cells present in the seminiferous tubule, which may be due to changes in cytochrome P450 aromatase expression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs‐2‐deficient mice

et al. 2018

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“…We should pay attention to the change of testoster-one level after vasectomy, because it will affect the testicular spermatogenesis function. Early animal experiments showed that testosterone levels temporarily decreased [ 78 79 80 81 ] within a short period of time (about three months) after vasectomy, possibly due to the disruption of the dynamic balance of the blood-testis barrier after vasectomy and the epididymal. The structure is impaired and its function impaired, which leads to an increase in local interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Vasectomy Complications and Safety Concerns

Yang

Dong

et al. 2021

World J Mens Health

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Vasectomy is a simple, safe, effective, and economical method used worldwide for long-term male contraception. As a surgical operation, it has short-term and long-term complications such as hematoma formation, infection, sterilization failure, sperm granulomas, short-term postoperative pain (nodal pain, scrotal pain, and ejaculation pain), and chronic pain syndrome. Whether it increases the risk of autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, testicular cancer, or prostate cancer is still controversial. Changes in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone after vasectomy have also been studied, as well as the relation between vasectomy and sexual function. Sperm quality decreases very slowly after vasectomy, and vasovasostomy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection could help a couple achieve a pregnancy if they change their minds at any point. We include a follow-up strategy and suggestions for follow-up care at the end of this review.

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“…Finally, the occlusion of muscle and subcutaneous layers were made using 2-0 absorbable and skin was closed with 2-0 non-absorbable sutures. Postoperatively, benzathine penicillin (Pronto Pen™) 3 [30,000 IU/kg IM once], tramadol (Tramadon™) 2 [4 mg/kg IM once] and meloxicam (Maxicam™) 4 [0.3 mg/kg SC SID for 3 days] were administered.…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Vasectomy in Spotted Paca (Cuniculus paca)

Barros

Teixeira

Conceição

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Cuniculus paca is the second largest neotropical rodent. It is not endangered, but your habitat has been destroyed and the specie has been hunted, because of its prized meat. In this context captive breeding is an alternative to reduce the hunt. Then, adult male vasectomy is an interesting alternative for Cuniculus paca since the animal does not lose libido and maintain cyclicity of females into the enclosure. This technique is a method of sterilization which the vas deferens is surgically clamped, cut, or otherwise sealed and thus prevents the release of sperm when a male ejaculates. The aim of this study was to describe the vasectomy technique on a male spotted paca kept in captive. Case: A captive adult male of Cuniculus paca, lived in Brazilian wild fauna breeding for scientifc research. It was maintained on precinct with no other animal, ate fruits, vegetables, tubers and rodent chow and water offered ad libitum. It was submitted to bilateral vasectomy to maintain reproductive behavior on bevy, but not impregnate females. The anaesthesia was performed using ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg IM) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) as premedication, and isoﬂurane in open system by facemask diluted in 100% O2 for induction and maintenance. Immediately after induction, was performed epidural anesthesia using 4 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor associated in the same syringe with 0.2 mg/kg of methadone hydrochloride to promote analgesia. As the testes in this species are inside the abdomen, the surgical approach was made by paraprepucial skin incision and ventral midline abdominal incision. After access the cavity, the testes were located and the vaginal tunics were incised to access the vas deferens. After exposed, both were doubly ligated, sectioned and removed a segment of approximately 1 cm of each duct. Finally, the occlusion of subcutaneous and muscle layers were made using 2-0 absorbable and skin with 2-0 non-absorbable sutures. Postoperatively, benzathine penicillin (30,000 IU/kg IM once), tramadol (4 mg/kg IM once) and meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg SC SID for 3 days) were administered. Ten days post-surgery, the animal was fully recovered and after twenty days, it was transferred to enclosure of females. None were fertilized after vasectomy, and there was no change in reproductive behavior among individuals. Discussion: Zoos and breeding have a problem when animal population increases too much, thus vasectomy is an important alternative to avoid this, because it does not lose sexual behavior, but cannot impregnate. The spotted paca presented intracavitary testicles without elevation Skin evidence to scrotum formation, however may also present inguinal regions testes beside penis or scrotum, most evident in reproductive season, similarly occurs in rats and agoutis. In the present case was performed bilaterally vasectomy to have satisfactory results for spermatogenesis reduction, confrming was indicated by some studies in rats and rabbits. Some studies in monkeys and rodents showed that after some time the spermatic cells decrease. In the present study sexual behavior and quality of patient ejaculate, were not completely monitor, to not interfere on management, but there was no female fertilized in a period of 1 year. This procedure showed to be feasible and an easy implementation for maintenance of the estrous cycle of females. Keywords: Cuniculidae, reproduction, rodent, surgery, vas deferens.

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The effect of unilateral vasectomy on testosterone and testicular parameters in the adult male African giant rat (<i>Cricetomys gambianus</i>)

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs‐2‐deficient mice

Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs‐2‐deficient mice

Review of Vasectomy Complications and Safety Concerns

Vasectomy in Spotted Paca (Cuniculus paca)

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