The Effect of Uniform Color on Judging Athletes’ Aggressiveness, Fairness, and Chance of Winning

Krenn, Bjoern

doi:10.1123/jsep.2014-0274

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This included controlling for environmental light, screen calibration, and the angle at which the screen was perceived (e.g., seat height and distance to screen), which has been shown to influence color perception (Bloj et al, 1999) as well as stern stimuli selection criteria (equal average word length and exclusion of emotionally loaded words). Until now, most computer-based colors studies did not report controlling for all of these external factors (e.g., Fetterman et al, 2012; Pravossoudovitch et al, 2014; Krenn, 2015; Briki and Hue, 2016). Refraining from this type of scrupulous methodology may lead to participants observing slight variations of the preselected colors, which could influence subsequent measurements (Moller et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotionality of Colors: An Implicit Link between Red and Dominance

et al. 2017

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The color red has been shown to alter emotions, physiology, psychology, and behavior. Research has suggested that these alterations could possibly be due to a link between red and perceived dominance. In this study we examined if the color red is implicitly associated to the concept of dominance. In addition, we similarly hypothesized that blue is implicitly linked to rest. A modified Stroop word evaluation task was used in which 30 participants (23.07 ± 4.42 years) were asked to classify words shown in either red, blue, or gray (control condition), as being either dominant- or rest-related. The responses were recorded and analyzed for latency time and accuracy. The results revealed a significant word type × color interaction effect for both latency times, F(2,56) = 5.09, p = 0.009, ηp2 = 0.15, and accuracy, F(1.614,45.193) = 8.57, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.23. On average participants showed significantly shorter latency times and made less errors when categorizing dominance words shown in red, compared to blue and gray. The measured effects show strong evidence for an implicit red-dominance association and a partial red-rest disassociation. It is discussed that this association can possibly affect emotionality, with the presentation of red eliciting a dominant emotional and behavioral response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotionality of Colors: An Implicit Link between Red and Dominance

et al. 2017

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“…aggressiveness is used for achievement victory [24,30,34,37]. For victory in competition coaches create attacking strategy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Self-assessment and aggression’s manifestation of Judo wrestlers in age and qualification aspects

Ivaškienė

Skyriene

Markevičius

2017

PPS

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Purpose:to determine self assessment and aggression's manifestations of judo wrestlers in age and qualification aspects. Material:in the research boys -Judo wrestlers from sport schools of Kaunas (Lithuania) participated (n=90, age -16.9 ± 2.0 years). The athletes were divided into three groups. In qualification aspects were divided into two groups. The first group was composed as per sport achievements -the members of combined Lithuanian teams. The second group consisted athletes of different sport categories, which were not the members of combined teams. We used questionnaire as per scale of self assessment of M. Rosenberg and questionnaire of aggressiveness of Buss-Perry. Estimation of the received data was fulfilled with the help of U criterion of Manna-Whitney, H criterion of Kruskall-Wallis and χ2-criterion. Assessment of confidence of mean group data's differences was fulfilled by Student's t-test. Correlations of indicators were determined with the help of correlation coefficient of Spearmen. Results:with increasing of Judo wrestlers' age we observed the tendency to increasing of their self-assessment. The older sportsmen become the higher is theirs aggressiveness. Depending on self-assessment level we did not find statistically confident differences in their aggression indicators. Large quantity of elite Judo wrestlers has high self-assessment. Self assessment and aggression indicators of sportsmen with sport categories statistically do not differ for elite Judo wrestlers' indicators. Correlation between mean level of self assessment and aggression are present only in young Judo wrestlers. Conclusions:in all age groups of Judo wrester's average level of self assessment prevails. Higher level is characteristic only for members of combined teams of the country. Judo wrestlers' aggression depending on age differs only by one component (more adult wrestlers are more aggressive than juniors). In respect to the level of sportsmanship -differences are absent.

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“…Based on previous research, we hypothesize that runners depicted in red will be perceived as running at faster speeds than runners in blue. This hypothesis is supported by the beneficial red effect shown in the competitive context, as well as for time‐related parameters . In addition, red has been linked to dominance in both competitive and individual contexts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…However, when taking a closer look at color research in sports, three main concerns can be raised. The first is the differences in results, with some studies showing the presence of a color effect—most showing a potential benefit for red compared to others colors—while other studies find no color effects . These mixed findings could be due to differences in methodology and color properties used .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can, in turn, potentially influence avoidance and approach behavior, with previous studies suggesting that color perception and behavior have a reciprocal relationship . Finally, most of these studies only examined a limited amount of parameters, focusing mainly on broad parameters such as perceived dominance, danger, anger, and aggressiveness . One thing all these parameters have in common is that they are not truly sport‐specific but rather they are strongly linked to a variety of competitive sport settings and are often examined in other contexts, such as attractiveness research .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceiving speed—The color can matter

Mentzel

Schücker

Hagemann

et al. 2019

Color Research & Application

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This study focuses on examining color effects of perceived speed in an individual noncompetitive sport context, treadmill running. In addition, the presence of individual trends for color effects are inspected by observing the connection of color effects in a sport‐specific video rating task with those found in an individual color association task. For this, 32 participants rated the perceived running speed of 48 videos depicting runners on a treadmill at seven different speed settings. Furthermore, participants rated a range of additional sport‐specific performance parameters. The runners in the video were shown wearing either a red, blue, or gray jersey, gray being used to strengthen the cover story. As a secondary task, the participants performed a modified Stroop task to assess implicit color associations. The results showed a significant color effect for speed; runners depicted in red were perceived as running at higher speeds compared to blue. No significant color effects were found for the other sport‐specific parameters. Finally, there was no significant covariate effect of the modified Stroop task for the speed perception color effect. These findings indicate that, in situations in which speed must be judged, red might be perceived as going faster.

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The Effect of Uniform Color on Judging Athletes’ Aggressiveness, Fairness, and Chance of Winning

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Emotionality of Colors: An Implicit Link between Red and Dominance

Emotionality of Colors: An Implicit Link between Red and Dominance

Self-assessment and aggression’s manifestation of Judo wrestlers in age and qualification aspects

Perceiving speed—The color can matter

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