The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Spore Recovery Versus Bleach Alone

Liscynesky, Christina; Hines, Lisa P; Smyer, Justin; Hanrahan, Megan; Orellana, Robert C; Mangino, Julie E.

doi:10.1017/ice.2017.126

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…8,9 Sodium hypochlorite use also failed to eliminate C diff from hospital surfaces (1 log 10 cfu reduction). 10,11 Only a small percentage of hospitals preclean the mattress and rinse off the disinfectants, as recommended by many mattress manufacturers. 12 The failure to rinse these disinfectants off the mattress may be the reason for increasing rates of mattress damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Removal of Clostridioides Difficile Spores and Pathogenic Bacteria From a Launderable Barrier Using a Commercial Laundry Process

Hooker

Ulrich²,

Brooks³

2020

Infect Dis (Auckl)

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Background: To properly clean and disinfect hospital mattresses, bed manufacturers recommend a 3- to 6-step process to remove all pathogenic bacteria. An alternative is to use a removable barrier on the mattress, which is laundered after each use. The current study was to determine efficacy of a commercial laundry process in eliminating Clostridioides difficile (C diff) spores, Mycobacterium terrae (M terrae), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K pneumoniae), and Escherichia coli (E coli) from a barrier. Methods: A test barrier received 3 unique microbial suspensions in separate locations, each suspension having a known quantity of specific microorganisms: C diff spores, M terrae, and a mixed suspension of MRSA, S aureus, P aeruginosa, K pneumoniae, and E coli. A wash load contained the test barrier and 11 additional ballast barriers. Various soils were spread onto the barriers to simulate heavy soiling that may occur in a wash load: Each barrier received a small amount of mixed soil, 50% received urine, 25% received blood, and 25% received a large amount of additional mixed soil. The load was laundered using 71°C (160°F) water, detergent, and chlorine bleach, with final drying at 71°C (160°F). After laundering, remaining colony-forming units (CFUs) of each microorganism were counted at the applied locations. Each test was replicated 3 times. Industry-accepted methods were used to produce suspensions, apply inoculum, and recover organisms after laundering. Results: Before laundering, test barriers contained at least 7.0 log10 cfu/mL of each microorganism distributed over 103 cm2. After laundering, in all cases, no residual CFUs were detected over the test area, resulting in greater than 6.0 log10 reductions for every organism. ( P < .05). Conclusions: Under extreme test conditions including the presence of soil, the laundry process removed all detectable pathogenic bacteria and spores from the barrier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Removal of Clostridioides Difficile Spores and Pathogenic Bacteria From a Launderable Barrier Using a Commercial Laundry Process

Hooker

Ulrich²,

Brooks³

2020

Infect Dis (Auckl)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, many hospital surfaces are still contaminated with C. difficile after application of bleach (less than a log 1 reduction). 33,34 UV light fails to reduce counts of C. difficile spores, and failed to decrease infections with C. difficile when studied. 34 The other issue for all of the disinfectants being used currently to clean hospital rooms, including the mattress, is the fact that these disinfectants are only approved for use on hard non-porous surfaces.…”

Section: Journal Of Health Economics and Outcomes Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Launderable Bed Barrier and Antibiotic Stewardship to Decrease Hospital Onset Clostridioides difficile Infections in an Acute Care Hospital: A Retrospective Pre/Post Case Study

Hooker

Mallow

McKinney

et al. 2019

Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research

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Background: Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) is a major source of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the reduction in HO-CDI through the use of a launderable bed barrier (BB) and an antibiotic stewardship program (ASP). Methods:A retrospective pre-post study was conducted at an acute care hospital in Kentucky. The preintervention period was September 2014 through March 2016. The BB and the ASP were introduced in April 2016, and the post-intervention period for this study ended September 2018. The rate of HO-CDI was calculated from the actual number of HO-CDI divided by the number of patient days each month. The number of defined daily doses of antibiotic therapy was measured each quarter. Hand disinfection compliance, length-of-stay (LOS), case mix index (CMI), and average age of patients were collected to control for confounding in the regression models.Results: There were 34 HO-CDIs and 42 672 patient days in the pre-intervention period and 31 HO-CDIs and 65 882 patient days in the post-intervention period. The average monthly count of HO-CDI was 1.79 (SD 1.51) and 1.03 (SD 0.96) during the pre-and post-periods, respectively. The average monthly rate (per 10 000 patient-days) was 7.94 (SD 6.30) in the pre-intervention period and 4.71 (SD 4.42) during the post-intervention period. The use of antibiotics decreased by 37% (p <0.0001) over the study period. The combination of the BB and the ASP were associated with a 59% (95% CI 36-96%, p 0.034) reduction in HO-CDI. Conclusions:The use of a launderable BB and the ASP were associated with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in HO-CDI in the acute care hospital setting.

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“…In this study, a self‐contained continuous UV‐C light device was demonstrated to have strong bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal effects when used for 30 s or more against critical human pathogens such as MRSA, C. difficile spores, and a surrogate for norovirus (MS2). Although there are several reports describing novel UV technology to disinfect entire hospital rooms (Nerandzic et al ; Liscynesky et al ), there are relatively few reports describing UV technology to decontaminate noncritical medical devices. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report to directly compare the efficacy of a UV‐C disinfection device to commercially available chemical disinfection wipes against MRSA, C. difficile spores, and a surrogate for norovirus, in the presence of organic contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of UV-C light or hydrogen peroxide wipes on the inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile spores and norovirus surrogate

Wallace

Ouellette

Jean

2019

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims The current study aimed to assess the potential of a new high dose ultraviolet (UV) disinfection device to inactivate methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile and a norovirus surrogate on handheld mobile devices, and to compare the efficacy of the UV‐C device to hydrogen peroxide disinfection wipes. Methods and Results Suspensions of MRSA, C. difficile spores and a surrogate for norovirus (MS2) were inoculated onto glass or plastic coupons, with or without organic contamination and were exposed to continuous UV‐C light for 15–60 s (165–646 mJ cm−2) in a self‐contained UV‐C chamber or treated with hydrogen peroxide wipes. Increasing the UV‐C dose from 310 to 650 mJ cm−2 did not result in greater levels of inactivation. UV‐C light inactivated all three micro‐organisms, in the absence of organic contamination, by >2·9 log. Treatment of MRSA, C. difficile spores or MS2, in the presence of organic contamination, with UV‐C light (310–646 mJ cm−2) resulted in 2·3–3·7 log reductions. Treatment of MRSA with UV‐C light provided levels of inactivation comparable to treatment with hydrogen peroxide wipes used following the manufacturer’s instructions. Conclusions UV‐C light and hydrogen peroxide wipes had strong antimicrobial activity against MRSA, C. difficile spores and a norovirus surrogate, in the presence or absence of organic contamination. Significance and Impact of the Study Chemical disinfection wipes are widely used in healthcare facilities, but they are not recommended for use on handheld mobile devices which may harbour pathogenic micro‐organisms. The powerful bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal activity of this high dose UV‐C light device, shows that this technology is a promising alternative to chemical disinfectants, particularly for control of MRSA.

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The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Clostridium difficile Spore Recovery Versus Bleach Alone

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Successful Removal of Clostridioides Difficile Spores and Pathogenic Bacteria From a Launderable Barrier Using a Commercial Laundry Process

Successful Removal of Clostridioides Difficile Spores and Pathogenic Bacteria From a Launderable Barrier Using a Commercial Laundry Process

Use of a Launderable Bed Barrier and Antibiotic Stewardship to Decrease Hospital Onset Clostridioides difficile Infections in an Acute Care Hospital: A Retrospective Pre/Post Case Study

Effect of UV-C light or hydrogen peroxide wipes on the inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile spores and norovirus surrogate

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