The effect of ultraviolet functionalization of titanium on integration with bone

Aita, Hideki; Hori, Norio; Takeuchi, Masato; Suzuki, Takeo; Yamada, Masahiro; Anpo, Masakazu; Ogawa, Takahiro

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.11.004

Cited by 437 publications

(695 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…On photocatalytic TiO 2 surfaces, UV light generates free radicals available to mineralize adhered contaminants (such as bacteria), but also creates a superhydrophilic surface due to increased hydroxylation [47]. This makes for an efficient, on-demand self cleaning surface, but it has also been shown that pretreatments with UV light can enhance protein adsorption, cell attachment and osteoconductivity on Ti implants, largely due to removal of adhered hydrocarbons [48,49]. Moreover, Ag-doped TiO 2 has displayed higher photocatalytic activity and stronger antibacterial effect than regular TiO 2 , due to improved charge separation, making it an interesting option as a multifunctional biomedical coating [50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a gradient Ag–Ti oxide thin film with antibacterial properties

et al. 2015

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Growing demand for orthopedic and dental implants has spurred researchers to develop multifunctional coatings, combining tissue integration with antibacterial features. A possible strategy to endow titanium (Ti) with antibacterial properties is by incorporating silver (Ag), but designing a structure with adequate Ag + release while maintaining biocompatibility has been shown difficult. To further explore the composition-structure-property relationships between Ag and Ti, and its effects against bacteria, this study utilized a combinatorial approach to manufacture and test a single sample containing a binary Ag-Ti oxide gradient. The sample, sputter deposited in a reactive (O 2 ) environment using a custom built combinatorial physical vapor deposition (PVD) system, was shown to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus with viability reductions ranging from 17 to above 99 %, depending on amount of Ag + released from its different parts. The Ag content along the gradient ranged from 35 to 62 wt%, but it was found that structural properties such as varied porosity and degree of crystallinity, rather than amount of incorporated Ag governed the Ag + release and resulting antibacterial activity. The coating also demonstrated in vitro apatite forming abilities, where structural variety along the sample was shown to alter the hydrophilic behavior, with degree of hydroxyapatite (HA) deposition varying accordingly. By means of combinatorial synthesis, a single gradient sample was able to display intricate compositional and structural features affecting its biological response, which would otherwise require a series of coatings. The current findings suggest that future implant coatings incorporating Ag as an antibacterial agent could be structurally enhanced to better suit clinical requirements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a gradient Ag–Ti oxide thin film with antibacterial properties

et al. 2015

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“…Implants with diameters of 3.3, 3.75, and 5 mm were constructed. The BIC ratio was set at 53.0% (conventional type) or 98.2% (photofunctionalization type) (12). Thus, six analytic models were required in order to include all permutations of diameter and BIC ratio.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the BIC ratio is not 100%: the true value was reported to be 45 ± 16% in one study (9) and 40 to 70% in other studies (10,11). Further, the recent discovery of titanium photofunctionalization has significantly improved the BIC ratio, thus enabling unprecedented enhancement of osseointegration (12,13). Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate BIC variability in biomechanical research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effects of implant diameter and photofunctionalization on peri-implant stress

et al. 2017

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Previous finite element analyses of peri-implant stress assumed a bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio of 100%, even though the BIC ratio is known to be approximately 50% or less. However, the recent development of ultraviolet treatment of titanium immediately before use, known as photofunctionalization, significantly increased the BIC ratio, to 98.2%. We used a unique finite element analysis model that enabled us to examine the effects of different BIC ratios on peri-implant stress. A three-dimensional model was constructed under conditions of vertical or oblique loading, an implant diameter of 3.3, 3.75, or 5.0 mm, and a BIC ratio of 53.0% or 98.2%. Photofunctionalization and larger implant diameters were associated with reduced stress on surrounding tissues. Under vertical loading, photofunctionalization had a greater effect than increased implant diameter on stress reduction. Under oblique loading, increased implant diameter had a greater effect than photofunctionalization on stress reduction.

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Section: Acta Biomatermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that UV-treated titanium surfaces promoted cell migration, attachment and proliferation in osteoblastic cultures [12,14]. On UV-treated titanium, osteoblastic gene expression was also up-regulated and accelerated, but not as much as cell attachment and proliferation [12,14]. It was also shown that the in vitro expression of the osteoblastic phenotype was enhanced on UV-treated titanium, as evidenced by a marked increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized ECM formation compared to that on untreated titanium [12,15].…”

Section: Acta Biomatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of adhesion strength and cellular stiffness of osteoblasts on mirror-polished titanium surface by UV-photofunctionalization

et al. 2010

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Ultraviolet (UV)-photofunctionalization of titanium substantially enhances the strength and quality of osseointegration by promoting osteogenic cellular attachment and proliferation. However, the mechanism underlying the initial interaction between the cells and the surface of the material remains to be elucidated, especially where the influence of surface roughness is excluded as a factor.We evaluated the effect of UV-photofunctionalization on the adhesive strength and cellular stiffness of a single osteoblast and its association with extent of cell spread, cytoskeletal development and focal adhesion assembly on a very smooth titanium surface. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on UV-treated or -untreated mirror-polished titanium disks. The mean critical shear force required to initiate detachment of a single osteoblast (n = 10) was over 2000 nN on a UV-treated surface at 3 hr incubation, which was 17 times greater than that on an untreated surface.The mean total energy required to complete the detachment of osteoblasts (n = 10) was consistently over 60 pJ on a UV-treated titanium surface after 24 hr culture, which was up to 42 times greater than that on an untreated surface. Cellular shear modulus, which represents cellular stiffness, was consistently greater on a UV-treated surface than on an untreated surface after 24 hr incubation (n = 10). This strengthening of cell adhesion and cellular mechanical properties on UV-treated titanium was accompanied by enhanced cell spread and actin fiber development and increased levels of vinculin expression. These results indicate that UV-photofunctionalization substantially strengthens osteoblast retention on titanium bulk material with no topographical features and that this is associated with enhancement of intracellular structural development during the cell adhesion process.

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The effect of ultraviolet functionalization of titanium on integration with bone

Cited by 437 publications

References 52 publications

Reactive combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a gradient Ag–Ti oxide thin film with antibacterial properties

Reactive combinatorial synthesis and characterization of a gradient Ag–Ti oxide thin film with antibacterial properties

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the effects of implant diameter and photofunctionalization on peri-implant stress

Enhancement of adhesion strength and cellular stiffness of osteoblasts on mirror-polished titanium surface by UV-photofunctionalization

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