The effect of ultrafiltrated and dialysed dog serum on the chemotaxis of infective hookworm larvae ofAncylostoma caninum

Wauters, H. W.; Klaver-Wesseling, J. C. M.; Vetter, J. C. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00927408

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Factors in the host blood are related to the host-finding behaviour of the infective third-stage larvae (L3) of skin-penetrating parasitic nematodes. Wauters et al (1982) and Vetter et al . (1985) demonstrated that dog serum contained an attractant for L3 of the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemoattractant activity of tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane for Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae

2017

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Urocanic acid (UCA) is known as a major chemoattractant for Strongyloides stercoralis infective third-stage larvae (L3). Since Brugia pahangi is a skin-penetrating parasitic nematode similar to S. stercoralis, UCA was expected to be a chemoattractant for B. pahangi L3. Thus, the chemoattractant activity of UCA for B. pahangi L3 was assessed. The chemotactic responses of B. pahangi L3 to UCA or acetic acid (CH3COOH) dissolved in amine solutions were assessed using an agar-plate assay. A test solution of 200 mm UCA dissolved in aqueous 270 mm tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) significantly attracted B. pahangi L3 compared with deionized water (DW), while neither a solution of 200 mm UCA dissolved in aqueous 230 mm ammonia (NH3) nor 290 mm triethylamine (TEA) significantly attracted L3. Similarly, a test solution of 200 mm CH3COOH dissolved with 200 mm Tris significantly attracted L3, but neither a test solution of 200 mm CH3COOH plus 200 mm NH3 nor 200 mm TEA attracted L3. Furthermore, L3 were significantly attracted to 200 mm Tris alone, compared with DW, but avoided 200 mm NH3 and 200 mm TEA. Moreover, the chemoattractant activity of Tris for L3 was observed even at a low concentration of 25 mm, and it was observed in a mild alkaline condition but not in an acidic condition. The present study reveals that Tris is a potential chemoattractant for B. pahangi L3 while UCA is not. This finding will contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms of skin-penetrating infection of filarial L3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chemoattractant activity of tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane for Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae

2017

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“…With regard to skin-penetrating parasitic nematodes, a component of the host blood is related to the host finding and penetrating behaviours of their infective third-stage larvae (L3). Wauters et al (1982) and Vetter et al (1985) indicated that dog serum contained an attractant for the L3 of the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Subsequently, Tobata-Kudo et al (2000) and Forbes et al (2003) revealed that sodium chloride, a major component of serum, was one of the chemoattractants for the L3 of the threadworms Strongyloides ratti and S. stercoralis, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro chemotactic responses of Brugia pahangi infective larvae to sodium ions

et al. 2011

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In vitro chemotactic responses of infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Brugia pahangi to NaCl, Na 2 HPO 4 , KCl, K 2 HPO 4 , MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 were assessed. Compared to deionized water as a control, 200 mM NaCl and 100 mM Na 2 HPO 4 significantly attracted L3 (P , 0.01 and P , 0.01), whereas L3 were likely to avoid 200 mM KCl and 100 mM K 2 HPO 4 (P , 0.05 and P , 0.05). L3 showed no significant tendency to avoid or to be attracted to 200 mM CaCl 2 and 200 mM MgCl 2 . Furthermore, NaCl exhibited a significant chemoattractant activity for L3 at a low concentration of 100 mM.

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“…Little is known about the orientation mechanisms and the host cues used in this migration Sukhdeo 1994, 2002;. Exsheathed A. caninum larvae are attracted by a small molecular fraction of serum, probably a peptide (Wauters et al 1982;Vetter et al 1985). Recent work by our group on the orientation of skin-invading digeneans revealed that after penetration S. mansoni schistosomula seem to use gradients of L-arginine residues to adjust their position in the epidermis, and that S. mansoni and T. ocellata larvae display chemotactic orientation towards serum, with glucose and L-arginine-residues as exclusively stimulating cues therein (Haas et al 2002;Grabe and Haas 2004).…”

Section: Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural strategies used by the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale to find, recognize and invade the human host

et al. 2004

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The infective third-stage larvae of the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale infect their human hosts by active skin invasion, but A. duodenale is in addition capable of oral infection. The behaviour of the larvae when crawling on surfaces has already been described. Here we analyse in various in vitro systems the other behavioural invasion phases: activation, penetration, and orientation within the host. The larvae normally remained in a motionless, energy-saving, resting posture. An activation to sinusoidal locomotion was stimulated in both species by similar cues such as touch, vibration, water currents, heat, light, and chemicals. Human breath in addition stimulated searching and waving ("nictating") behaviour, which facilitates a change-over to the host. Activating cues in air streams were warmth and moisture; CO2 activated only in combination with warmth and/or moisture. Penetration behaviour in both species was stimulated by warmth and skin extracts. The stimulating components of skin extracts were fatty acids, but their stimulating characteristics differed from those inducing schistosome cercarial skin penetration. After penetration into agar substrates, both species showed thermo-orientation, but only A. duodenale followed gradients of serum. The directing serum cues were not amino acids and glucose (the supposed cues for schistosome blood vessel localization), but Ringer's solution attracted the larvae. The host-finding and host-invasion behaviour of both hookworm species is well adapted to the invasion of the human skin, and there seems to be no particular adaptation of A. duodenale behaviour to the oral infection mode. Hookworm host-finding behaviour is not as complex as that of schistosome cercariae but seems well adapted to the ecological conditions in the transmission sites.

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The effect of ultrafiltrated and dialysed dog serum on the chemotaxis of infective hookworm larvae ofAncylostoma caninum

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Chemoattractant activity of tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane for Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae

Chemoattractant activity of tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane for Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae

In vitro chemotactic responses of Brugia pahangi infective larvae to sodium ions

Behavioural strategies used by the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale to find, recognize and invade the human host

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