The effect of type of concentrate and level of concentrate feeding on milk production

Näsi

1988

AFSci

Abstract. Twenty Friesian cows in four pens were arranged in a 4x4 Latin Square with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effect of barley fibre with solubles and dried distillers solubles (DDS) as a protein supplement on silage intake and milk production. Each experimental period lasted 4 wk, during which the cows were given ad libitum silage with one of the four supplements: barley (B), barley + DDS (BD), barley fibre (F) and barley fibre + DDS (FD). All the supplements were given at the rate of 7.5 kg/day on dry matter (DM) basis. In cows given DDS, 0.9 kg of barley or barley fibre was replaced by DDS on DM basis. The principal carbohydrate constituent of the B supplement was starch and of the F supplement hemicellulose.Silage DM intake was 0.38 kg/day (P<0.05) higher for cows given F diets but the total DM intake was not significantly affected by the diet given.Milk yield was 2.2 kg/day (PcO.OOl) higher in cows given F diets than B diets. But milk fat content was lower (P<0.001), and as a result milk fat yield was slightly higher (805 v. 787 g/day), with B diets. F diets were also associated with a lower (P <0.05) protein concentration in milk, but because of the higher yield, milk protein yield was 8.3 % (P<0.001) higher than in B diets. Feeding F diets increased milk lactose content (P<0.05) and lactose yield (P< 0.001) relative to B diets. Live weight gain was higher (P<0.05) for cows given B diets. DDS supplementation had no significant effect on feed intake, milk production or milk composition. Cows given DDS increased their live weight less (PcO.OI) than those fed without DDS.Despite the smaller amount of ME available for production, milk energy yield was higher (Pc0.05) in cows given F diets, indicating a shift in energy partioning towards milk instead of body tissues. Estimates of the efficiency of utilization of ME for milk production were higher for cows given F diets than for those given B diets both including and ignoring live weight change in the calculations.The results show that barley fibre with solubles, despitea lower digestibility than barley, can produce more milk and protein and a similar yield of milk fat provided that silage is given ad libitum.

“…Castle et al 1981, Mayne and Gordon 1984, Phipps et al 1987, Sloan et al 1987 no differences have been found between starchy and fibrous concentrates in their effect on milk yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silage intake and milk production in cows given barley or barley fibre with or without dried distillers solubles

Ala-Seppälä

Näsi

1988

AFSci

“…However, often the higher NDF digestibility with fibrous by-products can be attributed to differences in the intrinsic characteristics of concentrate fibre fraction rather than to improved forage NDF digestibility (Mayne and Gordon, 1984;Huhtanen, 1988;Sutton et al, 1993). In the study of Huhtanen (1988), diet NDF digestibility was markedly higher with sugar beet pulp supplements compared with barley supplements, but there were no differences in the ruminal in situ digestion kinetic parameters of forages.…”

Section: Concentrate Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evaluation of concentrate factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a development of the relative total diet intake index

Rinne

Nousiainen

2008

Animal

The aim of this work was to develop an index describing the relative intake of the total diet by dairy cows, and hence the ability to predict intake responses to changes in both forage and concentrate variables. An evaluation of concentrate factors affecting silage dry matter (DM) intake of dairy cows was conducted based on dietary treatment means from milk production experiments. The data were divided into four subsets according to concentrate treatments used within the experiments: the amount of concentrate supplementation (n 5 217), protein supplementation (n 5 336), carbohydrate composition (n 5 114) and fat concentration of the concentrate (n 5 29). The data were subjected to mixed-model regression analysis. Increased concentrate DM intake (CDMI) decreased silage DM intake (SDMI) quadratically. The substitution rate (substitution of silage DM for concentrate DM) increased with improved silage intake potential. SDMI increased quadratically with concentrate protein intake, the response being negatively related to the effective protein degradability (EPD) of concentrates. Replacement of starchy concentrate ingredients with fibrous supplements had a small positive effect on silage intake, whereas increased concentrate fat concentration slightly decreased SDMI. The outcome of concentrate factors influencing total DM intake (TDMI) was used to create a relative CDMI index as follows: CDMI index 5 100 1 10 3 [(CDMI 2 0.1629 3 CDMI 2 0.01882 3 CDMI 2 2 5.49) 1 ((0.9474 3 CCPI 2 0.4965 3 CCPI 2 ) 2 2.017 3 (CEPD 2 0.74)) 1 0.00225 3 (CNDF 2 250) 2 0.0103 3 (40 2 Cfat) 2 0.00058 3 (CDMI 2 8.0) 3 (SDMI index 2 100)], where CDMI 5 concentrate DM intake (kg/day), CCPI 5 supplementary concentrate CP intake (kg/day; CP.170 g/kg DM), CEPD 5 concentrate EPD (g/g), CNDF 5 concentrate NDF concentration (g/kg DM), Cfat 5 concentrate fat concentration (g/kg DM) and SDMI index is the relative intake potential of silage (Huhtanen, Rinne and Nousiainen 2007. Animal 1, 758-770). TDMI index was calculated as SDMI index 1 CDMI index 2 100 to describe the relative intake potential of the total diet. For the whole data set (n 5 943), one TDMI index unit was equivalent to 0.095 kg/day DM intake, i.e. close to the default value of 0.100 kg. The CDMI index explained proportionally 0.88 of the variation in TDMI within a study with a 0.27 kg/day residual meansquare error (n 5 616). The corresponding values for the TDMI index were 0.81 and 0.37 kg/day (n 5 943), respectively. The residual mean-square errors in cross-validation were marginally higher. The developed TDMI index can be used to estimate the intake responses to diet changes. It provides an improved basis for practical dairy cow ration formulation and economic evaluation.

“…In view of the similar substitution rate they suggested that the increase in forage intake was not mediated solely by changes in fibre digestion in the rumen. Chamberlain et al (1984) found a different response in silage intake when they modifyed the composition of supplement, and their data indicate that higher intakes with SBP can be expected only with highly digestible silage and high concentration of total N. In contrast to this, Mayne and Gordon (1984) reported with highly digestible silage (D-value 0.691) a significantly lower silage DM intake on SBP than on Ba. In the present study the D-value of silage was 0.622, similarly to the studies of Under other circumstances, in grazing cattle (Meus 1986) or with high levels of concentrate in hay based diets (Sutton et al 1984), forage intakes has been higher in cows given concentrates based on fibrous by-products than in those given starchy concentrates.…”

Section: Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reduction in the rate and extent of forage digestion, slowing the passage of digesta, will result in decreased forage intake. Replacing starchy supplements by fibrous supplements has widely been reported to increase the digestibility of different fibre components (Mayne and Gordon 1984, Sutton et al 1985, Thomas et al 1986. Fahmy et al (1984) reported a smaller decrease in the disappearance of ammoniatreated straw from nylon bags in sheep receiving sugar beet pulp than in sheep receiving barley with increasing levels of supplementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary inclusion of barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on milk production, digestibility and digesta passage in dairy cows given silage based diet

1987

AFSci

Abstract. Ten dairy cows in early lactation were given five different supplements with grass silage ad libitum according to two 5x5 Latin square designs. The supplements consisted of barley (Ba), unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SBP) and molasses (Mo) on dry matter (DM) basis as follows: (A) Ba 1000 g, (B) Ba 667 g and Mo 326 g, (C) Ba 417 g, SBP 410 g and Mo 163 g, (D) SBP 983 g and (E) 656 g SBP and 326 g Mo per kg. The lower fat content of SBP and molasses than of Ba was balanced with rapeseed oil. These supplements were fed at the level of 6 kg DM/d. In addition, 1 kg of rapeseed meal was given as a protein supplement.No differences in silage DM intake between the Ba and SBP supplements were found, but inclusion of a high level of Mo depressed silage and total DM intake. Cows given SBP supplements yielded 1.1 kg (P < 0.01) more milk and 32 g (P < 0.05) more protein than those given Ba supplements. Milk fat concentration was lower (P < 0.001) on SBP (46.0 g/kg) than on Ba diets (49.1 g/kg) and thus there was no difference in the yield of fat corrected milk (FCM) and milk fat between the two supplements. Inclusion of 2 kg of DM of Mo reduced the milk (P < 0.001), FCM, fat and protein yields (P < 0.01) compared to diets without molasses. Supplement C increased (P < 0.05) the milk yield compared to the other diets but the milk composition was not affected.The effect of supplements on the digestibility of the ration was determined using acid insoluble ash as a marker. The apparent digestibility of organic matter averaged 0.743 and was not significantly affected by the diet. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre was higher (P < 0.001) for SBP diets (0.680) than for Ba diets (0.596). Similar differences were observed in the digestibility of other fibre components. However, the digestibility of the silage was not affected by the treatment. Feeding SBP diets resulted in lower (P < 0.001) digestibility of crude protein than did Ba diets. Metabolizable energy (ME) of SBP diets tended to be used more efficiently for milk synthesis than ME of Ba diets. Inclusion of Mo in Ba or SBP did not reduce the efficiency, although the milk yield was decreased. The passage rate of liquid was determined with CoEDTA and that of particles with Cr-labelled straw. The average mean retention time of liquid ranged from 18.0 to 19.9 h and that of particles from 36.8 to 37.7 h. Neither time was affected by the treatment. The passage rate of particles from the rumen ranged from 0.045 to 0.048 and that of liquid from 0.096 to 0.104, irrespective of the diet.