The Effect of Two Types of Foot Orthoses on Rearfoot Mechanics

Brown, Glenn P.; Donatelli, R; Catlin, Pamela A.; Wooden, Michael J.

doi:10.2519/jospt.1995.21.5.258

Cited by 72 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…34,49 The findings from these studies have shown varied responses to orthotic intervention, ranging from no significant differences to an assortment of changes that include a reduction in maximum pronation (calcaneal eversion), maximum pronation velocity, time to maximal pronation, total rearfoot motion, alterations in the displacement and velocity coupling between the rearfoot and tibia, and tibial rotation. 2,5,23,34,36,48,49 Differences in reported findings may be due, in part, to the variability in experimental designs, such as the choice of orthotic material and rigidity, the amount and location of posting, the testing surface, selected walking or running speeds, footwear variations, and variations in individual subject responses to the orthotic intervention. Welldefined subject inclusion criteria are also of considerable importance when comparing the effects of foot orthoses and kinematic responses, and may account for the differences among investigations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…18 The presence of intrinsic frontal plane deviations has been linked to abnormal pronation in previous investigations. 5,9,15,20,23,34 …”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,10,12,19 In addition to the subjective changes reported with their use, foot orthoses have been shown to modify selected aspects of lower extremity kinematic behavior during the stance phase of gait. To date, the majority of investigations have assessed the effectiveness of orthoses on rearfoot motion parameters, 2,5,23,36,48 rearfoot-tibia coupling behavior, 15,34,49 or tibial rotation. 34,49 The findings from these studies have shown varied responses to orthotic intervention, ranging from no significant differences to an assortment of changes that include a reduction in maximum pronation (calcaneal eversion), maximum pronation velocity, time to maximal pronation, total rearfoot motion, alterations in the displacement and velocity coupling between the rearfoot and tibia, and tibial rotation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Forefoot and Arch Posting Orthotic Designs on First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Kinematics During Gait

Nawoczenski¹,

Ludewig²

2004

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Repeated-measures analysis of variance. Objective: To examine the effect of 2 different orthotic posting designs on first metatarsophalangeal (first MTP) joint kinematics during gait. Background: Common orthotic designs used to control abnormal pronation incorporate the use of a medial post in the forefoot and/or rearfoot locations. Although this design may favorably alter rearfoot and lower-limb kinematics, the incorporation of a forefoot post has been theorized to negatively impact first MTP joint function by limiting hallux dorsiflexion during push off. An alternative design that has been proposed to be more favorable for function of the hallux and first metatarsal is the medial arch support. Methods and Measures: Eighteen subjects with a mean age of 28.2 years (SD, 8.3 years) completed the study. All subjects were judged to have excessive pronation based on a clinical orthopaedic examination. Two different pairs of orthoses were custom molded for each subject. One design incorporated an extrinsic rearfoot and forefoot post and the second design had a high medial longitudinal arch in combination with an extrinsic rearfoot post. The ''Flock of Birds'' electromagnetic tracking device was used to collect 3-dimensional position and orientation data of 3 body segments (hallux, first metatarsal, and calcaneus) during the stance phase of walking for 3 conditions (no orthosis and each of the 2 different orthotic designs). A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences in first MTP joint dorsiflexion at midstance and during the push-off period of gait, as well as metatarsal declination angle changes during relaxed stance. An exploratory regression analysis was used to investigate factors that related to the change in peak dorsiflexion for the orthotic conditions. Results: Peak first MTP joint dorsiflexion averaged between 38°and 40°across all conditions. Although slight increases in first MTP joint dorsiflexion values were noted with both types of orthotic designs, these differences were not significant at either phase of the stance cycle (P = .50). The metatarsal declination angle in relaxed stance significantly increased (P = .001) under both orthotic conditions. Considerable individual variability was present. For the rearfoot-forefoot posted orthosis, a change in the declination angle of the first metatarsal during relaxed stance with the orthosis was a significant nonlinear predictor of change in peak dorsiflexion during push off. Deborah A. Nawoczenski, Professor, Ithaca College, University of Rochester Campus, 300 East River Road 1-102, Rochester, NY 14623. E-mail: dnawoczenski@ithaca.edu Conclusions: Foot orthoses that incorporate a medial forefoot post do not have a consistent negative effect of reducing first MTP joint dorsiflexion during walking.

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mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…18 The presence of intrinsic frontal plane deviations has been linked to abnormal pronation in previous investigations. 5,9,15,20,23,34 …”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Forefoot and Arch Posting Orthotic Designs on First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Kinematics During Gait

Nawoczenski¹,

Ludewig²

2004

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…The changes analyzed in the peak vertical force and maximum vertical loading rate in a group wearing shoes with four different types of insoles showed that the different insoles had no appreciable effect on the values measured [22]. The separate insoles also resulted in no significant differences in the calcaneal eversion, maximum pronation, and total pronation of the foot [23]. However, custom-made insoles usually prevent deformity and necrosis of the foot by dispersion of the pressure at the forefoot, where an ulcer is caused on diabetes patients [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of custom-made insoles on idiopathic pes cavus foot during walking

Choi

Cha

Kim

et al. 2015

BME

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Abstract. From a subject group of pes cavus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs, based on plantar foot pressure and electromyography (EMG) activities, by the effects on two kind of custommade insoles. Ten individuals among thirty females with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pes cavus (mean age (SD): 22.3 (0.08) years) were selected for the study. The plantar foot pressure data and EMG activities of four lower limb muscles were collected, when subjects walked on a treadmill, under three different experimental conditions. The plantar foot pressure data was analyzed, after the bilateral foot was divided into three areas of masks and into four sections of stance phase, to compare plantar foot pressure. The EMG activities were analyzed for integrated EMG (IEMG) value. The results show that plantar foot pressure concentrated in particular parts is decreased by custom-made insoles. In the case of EMG, all the muscle activities decreased significantly. The custom-made insoles dispersed pressure concentrated by the higher medial longitudinal arch and improved the efficient use of muscles. In particular, the extension structure in the forefoot of custom-made insoles was more efficient for pes cavus. Therefore, it could help patients to walk, by offering support to prevent the disease of pes cavus deformity, and to relieve the burden and fatigue in the lower limbs on gait.

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“…Mattila et al (2010) mentioned that use of orthotic insoles did not prevent lower limb discomfort related to physical stress in young men; thus, he does not recommend orthotic insoles 24) . Brown et al (1995) found no significant differences in maximum pronation, calcaneal eversion or total pronation of the foot following use of various types of arch supports 25) . Studies have also investigated the use of taping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Selective Activation of the Abductor Hallucis during Various Exercises

2011

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Abstract. [Purpose] Several exercises aim to strengthen the abductor hallucis (AbdH) of the foot arch which acts as a shock absorber. The purpose of the present study was to compare various exercises designed to strengthen the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) by selectively recruiting the AbdH in order to identify the most effective exercise method.[Subjects] Six males and six females participated in this study.[Methods] We selected and compared 5 exercises, which are known to be effective exercises.[Result] The exercise giving the highest EMG activation was EX 2 (64.43% MVIC). The second highest activation was found in EX 4 (40.50% MVIC). EMG values in EX 1 (40.12% MVIC), EX 4 and EX 5 (34.34% MVIC) were higher than in EX 3 (18.59% MVIC). EX 3 gave the lowest EMG activation of the 5 exercises.[Conclusion] The MLA plays an important role in gait and energy efficiency. Therefore, new exercises should be designed and existing exercises should be extended to incorporate new movements.

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The Effect of Two Types of Foot Orthoses on Rearfoot Mechanics

Cited by 72 publications

References 19 publications

The Effect of Forefoot and Arch Posting Orthotic Designs on First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Kinematics During Gait

The Effect of Forefoot and Arch Posting Orthotic Designs on First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Kinematics During Gait

Effects of custom-made insoles on idiopathic pes cavus foot during walking

Comparison of Selective Activation of the Abductor Hallucis during Various Exercises

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