The effect of two phenothiazines and a barbiturate on extinction-induced rate increase of a free operant.

Thompson, Travis

doi:10.1037/h0042626

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Perhaps conditioned acceleration is a quantifiable reflection of anticipated "frustration" like conditioned suppression is supposedly a quantifiable reflection of anticipated "pain." The unconditioned response to omission of reward is heightened activity and emotionality (e.g., Keller and Schoenfeld, 1950, p. 328;Amsel, 1958Amsel, , 1962Notterman, 1959;Wagner, 1959Wagner, , 1963Thompson, 1961Thompson, , 1962. Accordingly, in the present study, it is possible that the energizing effects evoked by TO become conditioned to the pre-TO CS and are reflected by an increase in rate of the predominating, still positivelyreinforced behavior, key pecking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS¹

Leitenberg

1966

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments were performed to investigate the effects on pigeons' keypecking behavior of stimuli that signal different kinds of aversive events: time‐out from positive reinforcement, electric shock, loud noise, and loud tone. Behavior maintained by a variable‐interval schedule of reinforcement was suppressed by a stimulus before shock, was accelerated by a stimulus before time‐out from positive reinforcement, and was unchanged by a stimulus before loud noise or a stimulus before loud tone. Conditioned acceleration with time‐out from positive reinforcement and conditioned suppression with shock were obtained regardless of whether a response contingent or response‐independent procedure was employed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS¹

Leitenberg

1966

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Amsel and his co-workers have shown in a host of studies (Amsel, 1958(Amsel, , 1962) that running speed following nonreinforcement is faster than running speed following reinforcement, and faster than running speed following detention in a box where reinforcement was never before received. In the early periods of extinction of a positively reinforced response, bursts of rapid responding have been noted (Thompson, 1961(Thompson, , 1962. It has also been found that rats press the bar with greater force during extinction than during acquisition (Notterman, 1959).…”

Section: Effects Of Pre-to Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence.

Leitenberg¹

1965

Psychological Bulletin

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Previous studies by Thompson (1961Thompson ( , 1962 and Thompson, Heistad, & Palermo (1963) have dealt with changes in response rate and duration of operants during extinction. The purpose of the present research was to examine the covariation between the duration of fighting and the tendency for response rate to increase following extinction onset.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive behavior and extinction-induced response-rate increase

Thompson

Bloom

1966

Psychon Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Discontinuing positive reinforcement has been shown to elicit fighting in hooded rats, and to be associated with a transitory increase in the vigor and rate of the previously reinforced operant. The present study shows that the tendency for response frequency to increase and the tendency to attack covary following extinction-onset. It is also shown that, as the augmented response rate decreases, the tendency to attack diminishes and that the former change precedes the latter change.Withholding positive reinforcement after a history of reinforcement contingent on emission of an operant is associated with a transitory increase in response rate, force and duration (Notterman, 1959; Margulies, 1960), Azrin, Hutchinson, & Hake (1965) found that pigeons subjected to brief extinction periods would attack a stuffed dummy of a pigeon mounted on a switch in the test chamber. The specific relation between such extinction-induced attack and increased response rate and duration is, however, not clear.Previous studies by Thompson (1961Thompson ( , 1962 and Thompson, Heistad, & Palermo (1963) have dealt with changes in response rate and duration of operants during extinction. The purpose of the present research was to examine the covariation between the duration of fighting and the tendency for response rate to increase following extinction onset. In addition, the changes in both variables as a consequence of repeated exposure to nonreinforcement were explored. In this method, fooddeprived rats were conditioned on a regular foodreinforcement SChedule. A satiated animal was subsequently introduced into the test chamber along with the food-deprived animal, and training sessions were continued until the presence of the satiated animal had no discernible effect on the stability of lev~r-pressing performance. Then a series of extinction and reconditioning sessions were run, and response-frequency changes and the duration of fighting were recorded. Progressive changes in fighting and extinction-induced rate increase were examined over a series of successive extinctions and reconditioning sessions.Subjects. Two male hooded rats, weighing 380 and 360 gm respectively, served as experimental Ss, and two additional male hooded rats, weighing 355 and 345 gm respectively, served as objects of attack during extinction periods.Apparatus. A Foringer rat test chamber, equipped with a microswitch lever, a feeder, house lights, and an exhaust fan, served as the experimental apparatus. The test chamber was connected with relay-timer switching apparatus which arranged reinforcement and extinction contingencies. and recorded responses. The animals were fed Purina Fox Chow in their home cages and received 45-mg Noyes rat pellets in the experimental situation. The test chambers were Psychon. Sci.. 1966, Vol. 5 (9) TRAVIS THOMPSON AND WILLIAM BLOOMUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA situated in a room adjacent to the programming and recording equipment, providing some sound attenuation.Procedure. The rats were systematically deprived of food until their weights d...

show abstract

The effect of two phenothiazines and a barbiturate on extinction-induced rate increase of a free operant.

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS¹

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS¹

Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence.

Aggressive behavior and extinction-induced response-rate increase

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The effect of two phenothiazines and a barbiturate on extinction-induced rate increase of a free operant.

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS1

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS1

Is time-out from positive reinforcement an aversive event? A review of the experimental evidence.

Aggressive behavior and extinction-induced response-rate increase

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS¹

CONDITIONED ACCELERATION AND CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION IN PIGEONS¹