“…Likewise, the administration of trehalose to rats with spinal cord injury decreased the IL- 1β, TNF-α, and nitric oxide levels [ 42 ]. It is suggested and confirmed by several animal studies that trehalose administration is effective in treatment of various conditions such as neurodegenerative disorders [ 43 , 44 ] including Parkinson's [ 45 , 46 ], Alzheimer's [ [47] , [48] , [49] ], and Huntington's diseases, atherosclerosis [ 50 , 51 ], stroke [ 52 ], fatty liver disease [ 53 , 54 ], diabetes mellitus type II [ [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] ], and pulmonary edema [ 37 ]. Although trehalose is composed of two glucose molecules, several clinical trials have shown its effect on lowering insulin resistance and preventing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes [ [59] , [60] , [61] ].…”