The effect of transparency on the gender-based compensation gap in surgical disciplines within a large academic healthcare system

Gambhir, Sahil; Daly, Shaun; Elfenbein, Dawn M.; Sheehan, Brian; Maithel, Shelley; Smith, Megan M.; Nguyen, Ninh T.

doi:10.1007/s00464-020-07679-1

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Jena et al 41 demonstrated that men earned more after controlling for time in practice, research funding, publications and clinical trial participation (adjusted absolute difference $19 878, 95% CI $15 261 to $24 495). 41 Gambhir et al 58 also showed that men received a higher salary after adjusting for academic rank and specialty (adjusted absolute difference $45 904, 95% CI $13 264 to $103 137). 58 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… 41 Gambhir et al 58 also showed that men received a higher salary after adjusting for academic rank and specialty (adjusted absolute difference $45 904, 95% CI $13 264 to $103 137). 58 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…41 Gambhir et al 58 also showed that men received a higher salary after adjusting for academic rank and specialty (adjusted absolute difference $45 904, 95% CI $13 264 to $103 137). 58 For leadership, 42 studies comparing 48 613 men to 26 958 women were included. Men were 2.61 times more likely to be a departmental chair (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.12, p<0.00001, I 2 =55%; online supplemental eFigure 18).…”

Section: Meta-analysis Of Secondary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in faculty rank among academic physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jacob-Brassard

Dossa

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveMany studies have analysed gender bias in academic medicine; however, no comprehensive synthesis of the literature has been performed. We conducted a pooled analysis of the difference in the proportion of men versus women with full professorship among academic physicians.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Education Resources Information Center and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 3 July 2020.Study selectionAll original studies reporting faculty rank stratified by gender worldwide were included.Data extraction and synthesisStudy screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers, with a third author resolving discrepancies. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models.ResultsOur search yielded 5897 articles. 218 studies were included with 991 207 academic physician data points. Men were 2.77 times more likely to be full professors (182 271/643 790 men vs 30 349/251 501 women, OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.57 to 2.98). Although men practised for longer (median 18 vs 12 years, p<0.00002), the gender gap remained after pooling seven studies that adjusted for factors including time in practice, specialty, publications, h-index, additional PhD and institution (adjusted OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.20). Meta-regression by data collection year demonstrated improvement over time (p=0.0011); however, subgroup analysis showed that gender disparities remain significant in the 2010–2020 decade (OR 2.63, 95% CI 2.48 to 2.80). The gender gap was present across all specialties and both within and outside of North America. Men published more papers (mean difference 17.2, 95% CI 14.7 to 19.7), earned higher salaries (mean difference $33 256, 95% CI $25 969 to $40 542) and were more likely to be departmental chairs (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.19 to 3.12).ConclusionsGender inequity in academic medicine exists across all specialties, geographical regions and multiple measures of success, including academic rank, publications, salary and leadership. Men are more likely than women to be full professors after controlling for experience, academic productivity and specialty. Although there has been some improvement over time, the gender disparity in faculty rank persists.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020197414.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“… 41 Gambhir et al 58 also showed that men received a higher salary after adjusting for academic rank and specialty (adjusted absolute difference $45 904, 95% CI $13 264 to $103 137). 58 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Meta-analysis Of Secondary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in faculty rank among academic physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jacob-Brassard

Dossa

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…47 Transparency and awareness is a first step, but active correction of bias is needed to help mitigate this gap. 48 Intentional peer mentorship and senior mentorship are necessary to allow honest conversations about expected pay and reimbursement. (Table 2) Under-representation in Leadership: Exposing the next generation of radiation oncologists to the field in a way that intentionally promotes gender diversity remains a challenge.…”

Section: Inequity In Salarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 47 Transparency and awareness are first steps, but active correction of bias is needed to help mitigate this gap. 48 Intentional peer mentorship and senior mentorship are necessary to allow honest conversations about expected pay and reimbursement ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Inequity In Salarymentioning

confidence: 99%