The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training on EEG spectral power in adolescent boys with ADHD: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial

Westwood, Samuel; Bozhilova, Natali; Criaud, Marion; Lam, Sheut-Ling; Lukito, Steve; Wallace-Hanlon, Sophie; Kowalczyk, Olivia; Kostara, Afroditi; Mathew, Joseph; Wexler, Bruce E.; Kadosh, Roi Cohen; Asherson, Philip; Rubia, Katya

doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.12.005

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We found 17 tDCS studies in children and adolescents with ADHD 41,42,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][63][64][65][66][67][68] . It is of note that two studies are from the same database but as they report different measures with different sample sizes we listed them separately.…”

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…After removing duplicates and screening the abstracts based on the inclusion criteria, 17 RCTs in ADHD, 11 RCTs in ASD, and 7 RCTs in dyslexia remained for full-text assessment and data extraction. It is of note two recent tDCS studies in ADHD population belong to one dataset 41,42 but as they are published separately with two different sample sizes and have different measures, we treated them as separate studies.…”

Section: Study Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021) study 51 , the source of other bias is having no sham control condition although the authors had an active control condition. Finally, in Westwood and colleagues' recent studies 41,42 , the authors applied concurrent cognitive training and tDCS without any experimental condition that disentangles the effect of each intervention. In other marked studies, the source of other bias is related to low sample size (>15) which does not comply with current standards and guidelines for tES studies.…”

Section: Tdcs Studies In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive deficits and executive dysfunctions were the primary targets in 10 studies. In other studies, one specifically targeted behavioral symptoms 66 , 2 studies investigated both cognitive deficits and symptoms improvement 42,51 , and 4 studies also examined EEG power spectral and task-based EEG in addition to cognitive deficits 41,49,50,68 . Details of these studies including stimulation protocols, sample size, outcome measures, and major findings are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the results of these studies suggest partially improving effects of tDCS on cognitive deficits (response inhibition, working memory, attention, cognitive flexibility, reward processing), but the clinical utility of tDCS in ADHD cannot yet be concluded and requires further investigation with multi-session protocols in larger sample sizes 9,69 . Of 5 studies with multi-session protocols 41,42,49,51,66,68 , 40% reported a significant improving effect on outcome variables including ratings of symptoms.…”

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia

Salehinejad¹,

Ghanavati²,

Glinski³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objective Among the target groups in child and adolescent psychiatry, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been more applied in neurodevelopmental disorders specifically, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dyslexia. This systematic review aimed to provide the latest update on published randomized-controlled trials applying tDCS in these disorders for evaluating its efficacy and safety.Methods Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022321430) and using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 35 randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tDCS effects in children and adolescents with ADHD (n=17), ASD (n=11), and dyslexia (n=7). Results In ADHD, prefrontal anodal tDCS is reported more effective compared to stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. Similarly in ASD, prefrontal anodal tDCS was found effective for improving behavioral problems. In dyslexia, stimulating temporoparietal regions was the most common and effective protocol. In ASD and dyslexia, all tDCS studies found an improvement in at least one of the outcome variables while 64.7% of studies (11 of 17) in ADHD found a similar effect. 72% of all tDCS studies with a multi-session design in all three disorders (13 of 18) reported a significant improvement in their outcome variables after the intervention. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trials consisted of around 70.5%, 36.3% and 57.1% of tDCS studies in ADHD, ASD, and dyslexia respectively. tDCS was found safe with no reported serious side effects in 6587 sessions conducted on 745 children and adolescents across 35 studies. Conclusion tDCS was found safe and partially effective. For evaluation of clinical utility, larger randomized controlled trials with a double-blind design and follow-up measurements are required. Titration studies that systematically evaluate different stimulation intensities, duration, and electrode placement is lacking.

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Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Study Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tdcs Studies In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia

Salehinejad¹,

Ghanavati²,

Glinski³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Among the target groups in child and adolescent psychiatry, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been more applied in neurodevelopmental disorders specifically, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dyslexia. This systematic review aims to provide the latest update on published randomized-controlled trials applying tDCS in these disorders for evaluating its efficacy and safety.Methods: Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022321430) and using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 35 randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tDCS on children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 17), ASD (n = 11), and dyslexia (n = 7). Results:In ADHD, prefrontal anodal tDCS is reported more effective compared to stimulation of the right inferior frontal gyrus. Similarly in ASD, prefrontal anodal tDCS was found effective for improving behavioral problems. In dyslexia, stimulating temporoparietal regions was the most common and effective protocol. In ASD and dyslexia, all tDCS studies found an improvement in at least one of the outcome variables while 64.7% of studies (11 of 17) in ADHD found a similar effect. About 88% of all tDCS studies with a multi-session design in 3 disorders (16 of 18) reported a significant improvement in one or all outcome variables after the intervention. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trials consisted of around 70.5%, 36.3%, and 57.1% of tDCS studies in ADHD, ASD, and dyslexia, respectively. tDCS was found safe with no reported serious side effects in 6587 sessions conducted on 745 children and adolescents across 35 studies. Conclusion: tDCS was found safe and partially effective. For evaluation of clinical utility, larger randomized controlled trials with a double-blind design and follow-up measurements are required. Titration studies that systematically evaluate different stimulation intensities, duration, and electrode placement are lacking.

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Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work?

Rubia

2022

PsyCh Journal

Self Cite

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This paper reflects on the use of neurotherapeutics for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is the most imaged child psychiatric disorder, with over 3 decades of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research. Findings are relatively homogeneous compared to other psychiatric conditions with consistent evidence for differences, albeit small, relative to healthy controls in the structure and function of several frontal, parietotemporal, and striatal brain regions as well as their inter‐regional structural and functional connections. The functional deficits have been targeted with modern neurotherapeutics, including neurofeedback (using most commonly electroencephalography and more recently functional near‐infrared spectroscopy and functional MRI) and non‐invasive brain stimulation (such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, or external trigeminal nerve stimulation). Except for electroencephalography‐neurofeedback, the majority of neurotherapeutic studies have been relatively small, with very heterogenous research protocols and outcome measures and—likely as a consequence—inconsistent findings. Furthermore, most brain stimulation studies have tested effects on cognitive functions rather than clinical symptoms. So far, findings have not been very promising. Future studies require systematic testing of optimal protocols in large samples or homogenous subgroups to understand response prediction that could lead to individualized treatment.

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The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training on EEG spectral power in adolescent boys with ADHD: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial

Cited by 11 publications

References 74 publications

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia

Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work?

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