The Effect of Topical Vasodilating Agents on Microvascular Vessel Diameter in the Rat Model

Kerschner, Joseph E.; Futran, Neal D.

doi:10.1097/00005537-199611000-00024

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the clear‐cut enhancement of the Ach‐mediated vasodilation obvious in Figure 1 may not be as surprising as it appears at first glance. Topical application of lidocaine has been shown by videomicroscopy to cause a sustained vasodilation of the femoral artery of anesthetized rats (14), and to improve the vasospasm induced by epinephrine in the tail arteries of rats (10). Lidocaine also has a vasodilating effect on precontracted rings of the human musculocutaneous perforator artery suspended in organ chambers (34).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholine‐Induced Vasodilation and Reactive Hyperemia Are Not Affected by Acute Cyclo‐Oxygenase Inhibition in Human Skin

Dalle-Ave¹,

Kubli²,

Golay³

et al. 2004

Microcirculation

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholine‐Induced Vasodilation and Reactive Hyperemia Are Not Affected by Acute Cyclo‐Oxygenase Inhibition in Human Skin

Dalle-Ave¹,

Kubli²,

Golay³

et al. 2004

Microcirculation

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“…9 This in vivo model has the potential to reproduce vessel vasospasm and thus closely simulates a clinical scenario. 10 We selected lidocaine as the pharmacological vasodilator because of its long history of proven efficiency in clinical situations. Lidocaine exerts its effect by blocking the sodium and calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle and local sympathetic nerves to promote vasodilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute and Delayed Effects of Hydrostatic Dilation on Rat Femoral Arteries

Kakoulidis¹,

Papanicolaou²,

Cobbs³

et al. 2004

Annals of Plastic Surgery

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The technique of intraoperative vessel dilation is sometimes used to facilitate microvascular anastomosis and prevent vasospasm. Although this technique is not new, its application has not gained widespread acceptance mainly due to concerns raised about potential damage to the vessels acutely and during the postoperative period, leading to decreased vessel patency. The goal of this study was to determine the acute and delayed histologic effects of hydrostatic dilation on rat femoral arteries and to compare the response of dilated arteries to vasodilating and vasoconstricting agents. The femoral arteries in 22 rats were used in 2 experimental groups; 9 in the acute group and 13 in the delayed group. Six animals served as controls. After the vessels were exposed, a microcatheter was inserted into a segment of the vessel that had been isolated between 2 vessel clamps. Saline was infused into the artery until a pressure of 300 mm Hg was attained and then maintained for 60 seconds. In the acute group, the animals were euthanized at the end of the dilation, while in the delayed group the animals were euthanized 24 hours later. Hydrostatic dilation of rat femoral arteries was found to increased vessel diameter acutely, with subsequent relief and prevention of vasospasm during the ensuing 24 hours. Histologically, there was no increased damage of the vessel walls in the dilated vessels compared with control vessels. Based on the data reported in this study, hydrostatic dilation of rat microvessels appears to be safe and may be used to technically facilitate microanastomoses and decrease vasospasm.

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“…The mechanism of action of lidocaine is unclear. Its vasodilator effect may be partly due to its inhibitory effect on local sympathetic nerves and blocking of Na ϩ channels, thus leading to a decrease in intracellular Na ϩ concentration, which in turn reduces [Ca 2ϩ ] i , resulting in vasodilation (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological characterization of vasomotor activity of human musculocutaneous perforator artery and vein

Zhang

Lipa

Black

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Pang. Pharmacological characterization of vasomotor activity of human musculocutaneous perforator artery and vein. J Appl Physiol 89: 2268-2275, 2000.-Vasospasm is one of the main causes of skin ischemic necrosis in cutaneous and musculocutaneous flap surgery, but the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. We planned to test the hypothesis derived from clinical impression that veins are more susceptible to vasospasm than arteries in flap surgery and, once established, that venous vasospasm is difficult to resolve and more detrimental than arterial vasospasm. To this end, we investigated the differences in sensitivity to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators between the human musculocutaneous perforator (MCP) artery and vein by measuring the isometric tension of arterial and venous rings suspended in organ chambers. Vascular contraction was expressed as a percentage of the tension induced by 50 mM KCl. Relaxation was expressed as a percentage of contraction induced by a submaximal concentration (3 ϫ 10 Ϫ9 M) of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We observed that the vasoconstrictor potency of norepinephrine was significantly higher in the MCP vein than in the MCP artery. The vasoconstrictor potency of ET-1 and the thromboxane A 2 mimetic U-46619 were similar in the MCP vein and artery, but the maximal contraction induced by ET-1 and U-46619 was significantly higher in the MCP vein than in the MCP artery. On the other hand, the MCP vein was less sensitive than the MCP artery to the relaxation effect of nitroglycerin, nifedipine, and lidocaine. These differences between the human MCP artery and vein in response to vasoactive agents lend support to the clinical impression in flap surgery that veins appear to be more susceptible to vasospasm than arteries and venous vasospasm seems to be more difficult to resolve than arterial vasospasm in cutaneous and musculocutaneous flap surgery.

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The Effect of Topical Vasodilating Agents on Microvascular Vessel Diameter in the Rat Model

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Acetylcholine‐Induced Vasodilation and Reactive Hyperemia Are Not Affected by Acute Cyclo‐Oxygenase Inhibition in Human Skin

Acetylcholine‐Induced Vasodilation and Reactive Hyperemia Are Not Affected by Acute Cyclo‐Oxygenase Inhibition in Human Skin

The Acute and Delayed Effects of Hydrostatic Dilation on Rat Femoral Arteries

Pharmacological characterization of vasomotor activity of human musculocutaneous perforator artery and vein

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