The effect of tine, wing, operating depth and speed on the draft requirement of subsoil tillage tines

Abstract

In this study, the effect of tine type, adding wing, operating depth and forward speed on the draft requirement of subsoil tillage tines was investigated in clay loam soil. Three subsoil tillage tines (subsoiler, bentleg and paraplow), four levels of forward speed (1.8, 2.3, 2.9 and 3.5 km/h), three levels of depth (30, 40 and 50 cm) and winged and no-wing tines were examined with the exception of bentleg as it would not be winged. It was revealed that draft of the tines is less affected by forward speed but is much affected by tine type, depth and wing. It was observed that an increase of speed and depth plus adding wing results in an increase of draft in all tines. Additionally, it was found that in all depths and speeds, subsoiler required more draft than paraplow and paraplow required more draft than bentleg. Multiple regression models including the studied parameters were developed to predict the draft requirements for each tine with high accuracy.

Field evaluation of a bent leg tillage implement in dry soil conditions

“…As shown in Figure 6, increasing the forward speed significantly increased the draught force of the bent leg tillage implement. Increasing the forward speed from 6 to 12 km•h -1 increased the draught force (Godwin 2007;Barr et al 2016;Dehghani and Karparvarfard 2017;Askari et al 2021). Increasing the forward speed increased the draught force of the bent leg tillage implement, which was due to creating high acceleration to the soil particles during their translocation.…”

“…Increasing the forward speed increased draught force of three primary tillage implements: a mouldboard plough, chisel plough, and disc plough, where the maximum was exhibited by the mouldboard plough (Naderloo et al 2009). The draught force of the subsoiler increased by increasing the forward speed (Askari et al 2017). Also, increasing the forward speed increased the draught force of a chisel plough (Moeenifar et al 2014;Al-Neama and Herlitzius 2017).…”

Superior Inferential Statistics of the Experimental Data of a Complex Experimental Cultivator

“…The authors Damanauskas and Janulevicius (2022) find the same conclusions relative to the dependence of the traction resistance force on the forward speed and on the working depth, their work focusing on other very important and less common aspects, namely the dependence of the quality of soil processing on the speed and depth of work in two types of soil. The authors Askari et al (2017) also find an increasing dependence of the draft force on working depth and speed. In Askari et al (2017), it is also shown that, under the specified experimental conditions, the increase in draft force decreases, in general (with some exceptions), depending on the working speed; that is, the force increases, but its derivative in relation to the speed decreases.…”

“…The authors Askari et al (2017) also find an increasing dependence of the draft force on working depth and speed. In Askari et al (2017), it is also shown that, under the specified experimental conditions, the increase in draft force decreases, in general (with some exceptions), depending on the working speed; that is, the force increases, but its derivative in relation to the speed decreases. Similar conclusions are reached by the authors Becker et al (2019) for operations of cutting plant residues in cultivation systems without ploughing (no-tillage systems).…”

“…The dependence of some parameters of the dynamics of agricultural aggregates on the forward speed has been studied for many decades, with various solutions appearing in many publications (Letosnev, 1959;Moenifa et al, 2014;Cardei et al, 2019;Cardei et al, 2020;Ranjbar et al, 2013;Naderloo et al, 2009;ASAE, 2003 andMcKyes, 1985;Owen 1989;Larson, 1964;Fechete-Tutunaru et al, 2019;Cardei et al, 2023b;Damanauskas, Janulevicius, 2022;Dizaji, 2022;Karmarkar, Gilke, 2021;Askari et al, 2017;Al-Suhaibani, Ghaly, 2010;Elsheika et al, 2021;Deshpande, Shirwal, 2017;Saleh et al, 2021;Rashidi et al, 2013), for example. In general, the draft force depending on the main parameters that define the soil, the geometry of the working bodies, the mass of the machine, the forward speed, the working depth, and the working width was studied and modelled.…”