The effect of time spent in treatment and dropout status on rates of convictions, cautions and imprisonment over 5 years in a primary care‐led methadone maintenance service

Oliver, Phillip; Keen, Jenny; Rowse, Georgina; Ewins, Elizabeth; Griffiths, Laura; Mathers, Nigel

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02856.x

Cited by 51 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is an intermediate-level primary-care-based service led by GPs with a special interest in substance misuse, which has been fully described elsewhere, [6][7][8] and was established in 1999. 8 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting biopsychosocial outcomes for heroin users in primary care treatment: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Parmenter¹,

Mitchell²,

Keen³

et al. 2013

Br J Gen Pract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting biopsychosocial outcomes for heroin users in primary care treatment: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Parmenter¹,

Mitchell²,

Keen³

et al. 2013

Br J Gen Pract

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“…Therefore, there may have been (unintended) selection bias, and results cannot be generalized to the total of CSC's MMT or other correctional populations. The duration of MMT treatment, both prior to and following release, was not known for study participants as this information was not obtainable, though this known predictor of MMT outcomes, and its specific impact on the study outcomes assessed in the present study, would have been desirable to document [19,55,56,57]. A potential confounder of study results is that participants who had ‘illegitimate' methadone use - and were hence classified as MMT-T - may have still had potential benefits (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Offenders' Post-Release Recidivism

Farrell-MacDonald¹,

MacSwain²,

Cheverie³

et al. 2014

Eur Addict Res

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Drug - including opioid - dependence is common in correctional populations, however little research exists on interventions for women offenders. Based on retrospective administrative data, we examined rates of return to custody (RTC) among three samples of Canadian federal women offenders with problematic opioid use (total n = 137): (1) a group initiated on MMT during incarceration who continued MMT post-release (MMT-C; n = 25); (2) a group initiated on MMT but who terminated treatment post-release (MMT-T; n = 67), and (3) a non-MMT control group (MMT-N; n = 45). Study groups were similar regarding socio-demographic, drug use and criminogenic indicators. Based on an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, the MMT-C group had a 65% lower risk of RTC than the MMT-N (reference) group (HR 0.35, CI 0.13-0.90); RTC risk was not different between the MMT-T and the reference group. Most RTCs were for technical revocations (e.g. violation of a legal condition of their release). Continuous MMT following release from corrections appears to be effective in reducing recidivism in women offenders with opioid problems; barriers to MMT in the study population should be better understood and ameliorated.

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“…A statistically significant reduction in intravenous use for cocaine, heroin and benzodiazepines was also illustrated [2]. Long tenure in MMT has been associated with health and psychosocial benefits such as improved social functioning, increased employment and a reduction in criminal involvement [2,7,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and clinical factors predicting retention in methadone maintenance: results from an Irish cohort

Darker

Kelly

et al. 2015

Ir J Med Sci

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Background Retention in Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is superior to that of other therapies for opioid addiction, but with international retention rates around 50 % after 1 year of treatment, there remains a need for improved retention rates. Aims This study aimed to explore the demographic and clinical factors predicting retention in MMT. Methods Face-to-face surveys with MMT patients in a Dublin methadone clinic were conducted. Retention was assessed by the presence and duration of breaks in treatment at any stage. Results 189 patients participated in the study. 46 % (n = 87) reported having at least one break in treatment, and the median duration of a break was 3 months. Age, current methadone dose and prescription of antipsychotic medication were significant predictors of retention. Patients who were older, single, living in their own home, on a higher dose of methadone, or taking antipsychotic medications had fewer breaks in treatment. Males tended to have significantly longer breaks. Patients reported that the main reasons for breaks were relapse into drug use (21.8 %, n = 19), incarceration (11.4 %, n = 10), weary of MMT (13.7 %, n = 12) or problems at the clinic (10.3 %, n = 9). Factors enabling regular attendance included wanting to get or stay clean (37.5 %, n = 51), avoidance of withdrawal symptoms (16.1 %, n = 22), methadone dependence (13.9 %, n = 19) and services provided (10.2 %, n = 14). Conclusion Patients who were older, single, living in their own home, on a higher dose of methadone, or taking antipsychotic medications had fewer breaks in treatment.

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The effect of time spent in treatment and dropout status on rates of convictions, cautions and imprisonment over 5 years in a primary care‐led methadone maintenance service

Abstract: MMT delivered in a primary care clinic setting is effective in reducing convictions and cautions and incarceration over an extended period. Continuous treatment is associated with the greatest reductions.

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Predicting biopsychosocial outcomes for heroin users in primary care treatment: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Predicting biopsychosocial outcomes for heroin users in primary care treatment: a prospective longitudinal cohort study

Impact of Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Offenders' Post-Release Recidivism

Demographic and clinical factors predicting retention in methadone maintenance: results from an Irish cohort

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