The effect of time of day on hormonal responses to resistance exercise

Chtourou, Hamdi; Hammouda, Omar; Aloui, Asma; Chaabouni, Khansa; Makni-Ayedi, Fatma; Wahl, Michael J.; Chaouachi, Anis; Chamari, Karim; Souissi, Nizar

doi:10.1080/09291016.2013.805909

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This observation was attributed to the performance of regular training without extreme physical and mental stress while not preparing for a race. In addition, our results indicate that it may be difficult to observe the response of salivary cortisol to exercise in the early morning compared to that in the afternoon because of the circadian rhythm, consistent with the previous study using serum cortisol concentrations [25]. Nevertheless, the significant difference in the rate of change in the early morning salivary cortisol concentrations on days 1 and 2 suggest that it may be possible to use salivary cortisol to compare the stress responses induced by different exercise intensities on different days at the same time, even in the early morning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Physical exercise was previously shown to affect the circadian rhythm of cortisol [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and many studies have determined serum and salivary cortisol concentrations as measures of exercise stress at various time points [10]. Changes in serum cortisol concentrations by exercise were reported to be greater in the evening than in the morning due to the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion [25]. Diagnosis of overtraining syndrome in athletes may be possible to detect the adrenocortical dysfunction including the loss of circadian rhythm and the decrease in the response to exercise by salivary cortisol measurements [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

et al. 2020

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“…This observation was attributed to the performance of regular training without extreme physical and mental stress while not preparing for a race. In addition, our results indicate that it may be di cult to observe the response of salivary cortisol to exercise in the early morning compared to that in afternoon because of the circadian rhythm, consistent with the previous study using serum cortisol concentrations [25]. Nevertheless, the signi cant difference in the rate of change in the early morning salivary cortisol concentrations on days 1 and 2 suggest that it may be possible to use salivary cortisol to compare the stress responses induced by different exercise intensities on different days at the same time, even in the early morning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

Ushiki

Tsunekawa

Shoho

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Overtraining syndrome, caused by prolonged excessive stress, results in reduced performance and cortisol responsiveness in athletes. It is necessary to collect saliva samples sequentially within circadian rhythm for assessing exercise stress by measuring cortisol concentrations, and automated cortisol measurements using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) may be useful for measuring a large number of saliva samples. In this study, we evaluated the appropriate use of cortisol-based exercise stress assessment within the circadian rhythm, which may diagnose and prevent overtraining syndrome in athletes. Methods: We collected saliva and sera from 54 healthy participants and analyzed the correlation between salivary cortisol concentrations measured by ECLIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or serum cortisol analysis. We also collected saliva continuously from 12 female long-distance runners on 2 consecutive days involving different intensities and types of exercise early in the morning and in the afternoon and measured salivary cortisol concentrations using ECLIA. Each exercise intensity of runners was measured by running velocities, Borg Scale score, and rate of change in the pulse rate by exercise. Results: ECLIA-based salivary cortisol concentrations correlated positively with those detected by ELISA (ρ = 0.924, p < 0.001) and serum cortisol (ρ = 0.591, p = 0.001). In long-distance runners, circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol including peak after waking and decrease promptly thereafter were detected on both days by continuous saliva sampling. The rates of change in salivary cortisol concentrations were significantly lower after an early morning exercise than after an afternoon exercise on both days (day 1, p = 0.002 and day 2, p = 0.003). In the early morning exercise, the rate of change in salivary cortisol concentration was significantly higher on day 1 than on day 2 ( p = 0.034), similar to significant difference in running velocities ( p = 0.001).Conclusions: Our results suggest that automated ECLIA-based salivary cortisol measurements are able to detect the athletes' circadian rhythm and compare the exercise stress intensities at the same times on different days, even in the early morning, possibly leading to prevention of overtraining syndrome.

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“…Also, for partial nutritional control during 12 weeks training, subjects were consulted to follow, as much as possible, standard diet. To control the effects of time of day on physiological variables under study, blood sampling (8 to 9 am) and training sessions (5 to 7 pm) were performed at the same time of day ( 34 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men

Moradi

2015

Asian J Sports Med

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Background:Circulating levels of adiponectin and testosterone decrease in obese men and this increases risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to survey changes of serum adiponectin and testosterone concentrations following twelve weeks resistance training in obese young men.Patients and Methods:In a semi-experimental study, twenty one obese young men were randomly placed in two groups: resistance training (26.5 ± 2.8 years) and control (27.4 ± 2.9 years). General characteristics of subjects and serum levels of adiponectin and testosterone were assessed before and after training. Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks weight training (3 sessions per week, 10 exercises, 3 sets of 8 - 12 repetitions in each exercise, intensity 60% - 80% of one repetition maximum, rest between sets 1 minute and between exercises 2 minutes, duration of main training 20 - 40 minutes per each session).Results:Resistance training had no significant effect on body weight and body mass index (P > 0.05), whereas it decreased body fat percent (P = 0.017). Also, serum adiponectin (8.1 ± 1.8 vs. 10.5 ± 2.3 μg/mL) and testosterone concentrations (6.9 ± 2.4 vs. 8.2 ± 1.7 ng/mL) were increased after resistance training (P = 0.033, P = 0.018 respectively), while there were no significant changes in serum levels of these hormones in control group (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Twelve weeks of resistance training increased serum concentrations of adiponectin and testosterone in obese young men. With respect to inverse associations between changes of adiponectin and testosterone with BFP and insulin level variations after resistance training, it is recommended that obese young men do resistance training to benefit useful decreasing/preventive effects of this type of training against the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

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The effect of time of day on hormonal responses to resistance exercise

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

Assessment of exercise-induced stress by automated measurement of salivary cortisol concentrations within the circadian rhythm in Japanese female long-distance runners

Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men

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