The effect of tillage intensity and time of herbicide application on weed communities and populations in maize in central Europe

Streit, Bernhard; Rieger, Stephanie Barbara; Stamp, P.; Richner, Walter

doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(01)00307-3

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, when excess moisture is on the ground, fungal disease can increase and pests such as slugs and rodents may become an intermittent problem [6,7].…”

Section: Photo-controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sims¹,

Corsi²,

Gbèhounou³

et al. 2018

Agriculture

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Land degradation and soil fertility deterioration are two of the main causes of agricultural production stagnation and decline in many parts of the world. The model of crop production based on mechanical soil tillage and exposed soils is typically accompanied by negative effects on the natural resource base of the farming environment, which can be so serious that they jeopardize agricultural productive potential in the future. This form of agriculture is destructive to soil health and accelerates the loss of soil by increasing its mineralization and erosion rates. Conservation agriculture, a system avoiding or minimizing soil mechanical disturbance (no-tillage) combined with soil cover and crop diversification, is considered a sustainable agro-ecological approach to resource-conserving agricultural production. A major objective of tillage is supposed to be weed control, and it does not require very specific knowledge because soil inversion controls (at least temporarily) most weeds mechanically (i.e., by way of burying them). However, repeated ploughing only changes the weed population, but does not control weeds in the long term. The same applies to the mechanical uprooting of weeds. While in the short term some tillage operations can control weeds on farms, tillage systems can increase and propagate weeds off-farm. The absence of tillage, under conservation agriculture, requires other measures of weed control. One of the ways in which this is realized is through herbicide application. However, environmental concerns, herbicide resistance and access to appropriate agro-chemicals on the part of resource-poor farmers, highlight the need for alternative weed control strategies that are effective and accessible for smallholders adopting conservation agriculture. Farmers in semi-arid regions contend with the additional challenge of low biomass production and, often, competition with livestock enterprises, which limit the potential weed-suppressing benefits of mulch and living cover crops. This paper reviews the applicability and efficacy of various mechanical, biological and integrated weed management strategies for the effective and sustainable management of weeds in smallholder conservation agriculture systems, including the role of appropriate equipment and prerequisites for smallholders within a sustainable intensification scenario.Keywords: smallholder farming; conservation agriculture; sustainable and ecological weed management; preventive; cultural and direct control methods of weed management

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“…However, when excess moisture is on the ground, fungal disease can increase and pests such as slugs and rodents may become an intermittent problem [6,7].…”

Section: Photo-controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addressing weed control challenges, scientific studies have provided evidence that minimum and no-tillage induce shifts of weed population particularly towards perennial weeds, thus creating a long-lasting weed problem [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, annual weeds such as Kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sims¹,

Corsi²,

Gbèhounou³

et al. 2018

Agriculture

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“…Secondly, we tried to observe the stabilisation process of sulcotrione in the soil, on the one hand through the examination of the evolution of sulcotrione availability at extraction [11,12], and on the other, with the evaluation of non-extractable sulcotrione residues [6,9,18]. 30 R. Cherrier et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of sulcotrione in a brown soil amended with various organic matters

2004

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-We investigated sulcotrione degradation in a sandy-silty brown soil. The agricultural field was divided into three small plots ten years ago, named plots R for reference, M for manure and CM for compost manure. The degradation experiment was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions using 14 C benzene uniformly ring-labelled sulcotrione. In the first month of the experiment, 80% of the residues was extractable with solvent, 55% of sulcotrione was degraded, including 45% into 2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoïc acid (CMBA), the most abundant metabolite of sulcotrione. 10% of the residues was mineralised. After two months, 40% of the residues was extractable, including 16% of sulcotrione, 25% was mineralised and 35% formed non-extractable residues. Soil amended with different organic matters favoured transformation of sulcotrione in soil. The fresh manure amendment activated mineralisation of 10%, and the compost manure amendment induced a lower ratio of extractable sulcotrione at a level of 5%.sulcotrione / degradation / persistence / soil / organic amendments / mineralisation Résumé -Dégradation de la sulcotrione dans un sol brun amendé avec différents apports organiques. La dégradation de la sulcotrione dans le sol a été évaluée en conditions de laboratoire à l'aide de la molécule uniformément marquée au 14 C sur le noyau benzénique. Le sol utilisé présente une texture limono-sableuse et est issu d'une parcelle divisée en trois sous parcelles recevant différents apports organiques depuis dix ans. Les terres issues de ces trois sous parcelles sont nommées respectivement terre R (référence), M (fumier) et CM (fumier composté). Lors du premier mois d'expérimentation 80 % des résidus restent extractibles, 55 % de la sulcotrione est dégradée dont 45 % en CMBA (2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylbenzoïc acide) son métabolite majeur. Seul 10 % des résidus sont minéralisés. Au bout de deux mois, 40 % des résidus sont extractibles au solvant dont 16 % de sulcotrione, 25 % sont minéralisés et 35 % forment des résidus non-extractibles. Lors d'amendements organiques, la transformation de la sulcotrione dans le sol est favorisée. L'apport de fumier active de 10 % la minéralisation des résidus et l'apport de fumier composté induit un ratio de sulcotrione extractible faible de l'ordre de 5 %.sulcotrione / dégradation / persistance / sol / amendement organique / minéralisation

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“…In addition, Chikoye et al (2007) reported that rimsulfuron did not cause any visible phytotoxicity on the maize at any dosage. Moreover, there are limited published data on the combination effects of tillage and herbicides application on weed flora and growth of crops (Rapp et al, 2007;Ritter and Menbere, 2001;Streit et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Tillage System and Rimsulfuron Application on Weed Flora, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Root Colonization and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Bilalis

Triantafyllidis

Karkanis

et al. 2012

Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage system and rimsulfuron application on weed flora and growth of maize (Zea mays L. Mitic F1) at a site with no history of pesticide use for the last 5 years. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replicates per treatment (conventional tillage without rimsulfuron application (control), no-tillage with rimsulfuron application (NT+Rim) and conventional tillage with rimsulfuron application (CT+Rim)). The lowest leaf area index, dry weight and yield of maize were recorded in NT+Rim plots. In addition, the highest soil bulk density was determined in NT+Rim plots. Moreover, the rimsulfuron application resulted in significant reduction in the root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. The lowest root biomass, root length density, root surface and AM root colonization was found in CT+Rim plots. The lowest weed number and biomass was also observed at CT+Rim plots. Sustainability yield index (SYI) shown that the maize crop is more stable under conventional tillage compared with no-tillage. Our results indicated that root growth was reduced significant by rimsulfuron application but statistically significant lower maize yield was obtained in no-tillage system.

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The effect of tillage intensity and time of herbicide application on weed communities and populations in maize in central Europe

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Sustainable Weed Management for Conservation Agriculture: Options for Smallholder Farmers

Degradation of sulcotrione in a brown soil amended with various organic matters

The Effect of Tillage System and Rimsulfuron Application on Weed Flora, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Root Colonization and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

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