The effect of thyroxin on the respiratory and nitrogenous metabolism of normal and myxedematous subjects

Boothby, Walter M.; Sandiford, Irene; Sandiford, Kathleen; Slosse, J

doi:10.1007/bf01958332

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is quite possible that protein is stored in other places than the liver, and also that the thyroid gland is an important agency for controlling both storage and release. Boothby, Sandiford and Slosse (1925) have reported that with a uniform nitrogen intake a negative nitrogen balance exists while thyroxin is establishing a new higher metabolic level. After its establishment there is a smaller deposit of nitrogen in the body.…”

Section: Storage By Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization for Physiological Homeostasis

Cannon¹

1929

Physiological Reviews

1,530

699

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Storage By Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization for Physiological Homeostasis

Cannon¹

1929

Physiological Reviews

1,530

699

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Thyroxine was crystallized in 1915 by Kendall (66), its chemical structure identified (67), and was administered successfully as an IV therapy by 1925 (68). This provided the basis for the development of synthetic LT4 (69, 70), which was shown to be efficacious in the treatment of myxedema (71) and in patients who failed to respond to desiccated thyroid treatment where clinical response was defined as BMR and restoration of ovulation/fertility (72).…”

Section: Need For Thyroid Replacement Established Treatment Strategimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Swinging Pendulum in Treatment for Hypothyroidism: From (and Toward?) Combination Therapy

McAninch

Bianco

2019

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thyroid hormone replacement for hypothyroidism can be achieved via several approaches utilizing different preparations of thyroid hormones, T3, and/or T4. “Combination therapy” involves administration of both T3 and T4, and was technically the first treatment for hypothyroidism. It was lauded as a cure for the morbidity and mortality associated with myxedema, the most severe presentation of overt hypothyroidism. In the late nineteenth and the early Twentieth centuries, combination therapy per se could consist of thyroid gland transplant, or more commonly, consumption of desiccated animal thyroid, thyroid extract, or thyroglobulin. Combination therapy remained the mainstay of therapy for decades despite development of synthetic formulations of T4 and T3, because it was efficacious and cost effective. However, concerns emerged about the consistency and potency of desiccated thyroid hormone after cases were reported detailing either continued hypothyroidism or iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis. Development of the TSH radioimmunoassay and discovery of conversion of T4-to-T3 in humans led to a major transition in clinical practices away from combination therapy, to adoption of levothyroxine “monotherapy” as the standard of care. Levothyroxine monotherapy has a favorable safety profile and can effectively normalize the serum TSH, the most sensitive marker of hypothyroidism. Whether levothyroxine monotherapy restores thyroid hormone signaling within all tissues remains controversial. Evidence of persistent signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism during levothyroxine monotherapy at doses that normalize serum TSH is mounting. Hence, in the last decade there has been acknowledgment by all thyroid professional societies that there may be a role for the use of combination therapy; this represents a significant shift in the clinical practice guidelines. Further bolstering this trend are the recent findings that the Thr92AlaD2 polymorphism may reduce thyroid hormone signaling, resulting in localized and systemic hypothyroidism. This strengthens the hypothesis that treatment options could be personalized, taking into consideration genotypes and comorbidities. The development of long-acting formulations of liothyronine and continued advancements in development of thyroid regenerative therapy, may propel the field closer to adoption of a physiologic thyroid hormone replacement regimen with combination therapy.

show abstract

Endokrine Störungen und spezifisch-dynamische Eiweißwirkung

Serejski¹,

Jislin²

1930

Z. Ges. Exp. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of thyroxin on the respiratory and nitrogenous metabolism of normal and myxedematous subjects

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Organization for Physiological Homeostasis

Organization for Physiological Homeostasis

The Swinging Pendulum in Treatment for Hypothyroidism: From (and Toward?) Combination Therapy

Endokrine Störungen und spezifisch-dynamische Eiweißwirkung

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About