The effect of thermal history on the color of oxide layers in titanium 6242 alloy

Alcisto, J.; Enriquez, A.; García, Herakles A.; Hinkson, S.; Hahn, M.; Foyos, J.; Ogren, J.; Lee, E.W.; Es‐Said, O.S.

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.04.001

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Currently, the mechanical properties of titanium alloys have been sufficiently optimized to virtually satisfy the requirements for compressor blades. However, the strong affinity between titanium alloys and oxygen has raised serious corrosion concerns, which have notably hindered the use of titanium alloys in certain applications 13 14 . Additionally, Yao et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Ti60 Alloy under a Solid NaCl Deposit in Wet Oxygen Flow at 600 °C

Fan

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The corrosion behavior of Ti60 alloy covered with a solid NaCl deposit in wet oxygen flow at 600 °C has been studied further by SEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, TEM and EPMA analysis. The results show that solid NaCl and H2O react with Ti oxides, which destroyed the Ti oxide scale to yield the non-protective Na4Ti5O12 and other volatile species. The resulting corrosion product scale was multilayered and contained abundant rapid diffusion channels leading to the fast diffusion which improved the corrosion rate. A possible mechanism has been proposed for the NaCl-covered Ti60 alloy, based on the experimental results.

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Ti60 Alloy under a Solid NaCl Deposit in Wet Oxygen Flow at 600 °C

Fan

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…These kinds of oxides are usually the result of the presence of a mixture of different phases, such as TiO, TiO 2 and Ti 2 O 3 . Surfaces of these types are considered unacceptable for welding applications, due to the excessive oxygen pick-up [30,31]. Even if the visual inspection of the color of the sample is a qualitative analysis, the American Welding Society provided two specifications for fusion welding in the aerospace industry, in which this methodology is suggested in order to assess the excessive oxidation of titanium welds [32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Scans of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition: A Cost and Time Effective Methodology to Assess the Proper Process Window

et al. 2021

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Directed energy deposition is an additive manufacturing technology which usually relies on prototype machines or hybrid systems, assembled with parts from different producers. Because of this lack of standardization, the optimization of the process parameters is often a mandatory step in order to develop an efficient building process. Although, this preliminary phase is usually expensive both in terms of time and cost. The single scan approach allows to drastically reduce deposition time and material usage, as in fact only a stripe per parameters combination is deposited. These specimens can then be investigated, for example in terms of geometrical features (e.g. growth, width) and microstructure to assess the most suitable process window. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V single scans, produced by means of directed energy deposition, corresponding to a total of 50 different parameters combinations, were analyzed, focusing on several geometrical features and relative parameters correlations. Moreover, considering the susceptibility of the material to oxygen pick-up, the necessity of an additional shielding gas system was also evaluated, by comparing the specimens obtained with and without using a supplementary argon flow. A process window, which varies according to the user needs, was found together with a relationship between microstructure and process parameters, in both shielding scenarios. Graphic Abstract

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“…The color change on NiTi endodontic instruments after heat treatment is a product of variations in the titanium oxide layer locate in the external surface of the instrument [20,21]. Studies have shown that the thickness of the titanium oxide layer varies according to the temperature used in the treatment, which at higher temperatures the formed surface layer is thicker than at low temperatures [21][22][23], leading to darker colors [22,23]. These studies are in agreement with the results observed Different superscript letters indicate statistical differences between groups (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that the color presented by titanium base alloy does not depend exclusively on the thickness of the titanium oxide layer formed during the heat treatment but also on the type and concentration of the oxide formed on the alloy surface [22,23]. It was observed the preferential formation of certain types of titanium oxides, such as TiO, TiO2 and Ti2O3, after heat treatment at 450oC to 750oC [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

Almeida

Elias

2020

RGO, Rev. Gaúch. Odontol.

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of heat treatment at different temperatures on the color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Methods Thirty-six nickel-titanium K-file endodontic instruments were divided into six groups and submitted to heat treatment at several temperatures between 450ºC and 750ºC. The color was visually observed. Cantilever-bending tests were performed to measure the flexibility of the instruments. The data were statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc comparisons. Results It was observed that the color becomes darker as the heating temperature increases. The flexibility is significantly higher after the heat treatment (P < 0.05). Instruments treated at 650ºC and 750ºC had higher flexibility than those treated at lower temperatures (450ºC, 500ºC and 550ºC) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Heat treatment has a significant effect on the surface color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. The highest flexibility was observed in instruments heated at 650ºC and 750ºC.

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The effect of thermal history on the color of oxide layers in titanium 6242 alloy

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Corrosion Behavior of Ti60 Alloy under a Solid NaCl Deposit in Wet Oxygen Flow at 600 °C

Corrosion Behavior of Ti60 Alloy under a Solid NaCl Deposit in Wet Oxygen Flow at 600 °C

Single Scans of Ti-6Al-4V by Directed Energy Deposition: A Cost and Time Effective Methodology to Assess the Proper Process Window

Influence of heat treatment on color and flexibility of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments

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