The effect of therapists verbal activity level and specificity on patient productivity and speech disturbance in the initial interview.

Anxiety, Speech Disturbances and Speech Rate

“…Paivio ( Krause & Pilisuk (1961) and Pope & Siegman (1962), have found that transient anxiety leads to increase in Non-Ah SDs. Several of these studies present physiological data or self-report data, showing that the manipulation was effective.…”

The effects of anxiety and time upon productivity and vocabulary diversity in the absence of nonlexical feedback

“…The second variable, ambiguous input, was found to produce cautious and hesitant speech from the interviewee rather than disruption (Siegman & Pope, 1965). The therapist's activity level was not found to be a relevant variable in the system (pope & Siegman, 1962).…”

The effects of meta-model questioning and empathic responding on concreteness in client statements and client ratings of anxiety and counselor attractiveness, expertness, and trustworthiness

“…Truax and Carkhuff (1964) found that therapist concreteness correlated with depth of patient interpersonal exploration. Pope and Siegman (1962) found that high therapist specificity was associated with low patient anxiety. Freeman (1980) found that concrete counselors were perceived to be more attractive, expert, and trustworthy by clients.…”

“…Third, and perhaps most important, the client is directly influenced to attend with specificity to the feeling and content that is presented. Pope and Siegman (1962) investigated the relationship between specificity in therapist remarks and client produc tivity and anxiety. They studied transcripts of the initial interview with twelve hospitalized mental patients.…”

“…In addition. Pope and Siegman (1962) found that therapist specificity and patient productivity had a negative relationship. Patient productivity was defined by the number of clause units in the patient responses.…”