The effect of the wind velocity on the uptake rates of various diffusive samplers

Plaisance, H.

doi:10.1080/03067311003782625

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Variability of sampling rate of passive air sampler for Hg ous investigators, using the white Radiello ® (without protective shield) to monitor varying atmospheric contaminants, fitted logarithmic (Pennequin-Cardinal et al, 2005;Plaisance, 2011;Skov et al, 2007) or quadratic (Plaisance et al, 2004) relationships to data describing the effect of wind speed on SR. The SR was most sensitive at lower wind speed (typically < 1 m s −1 ).…”

Section: S Mclagan Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Passive air sampling of gaseous mercury (Hg) requires a high level of accuracy to discriminate small differences in atmospheric concentrations. Meteorological parameters have the potential to decrease this accuracy by impacting the sampling rate (SR), i.e., the volume of air that is effectively stripped of gaseous mercury per unit of time. We measured the SR of a recently calibrated passive air sampler for gaseous Hg in the laboratory under varying wind speeds (wind still to 6 m s −1 ), temperatures (−15 to +35 • C), and relative humidities (44 to 80 %). While relative humidity has no impact on SR, SR increases slightly with both wind speed (0.003 m 3 day −1 increase in SR or 2.5 % of the previously calibrated SR for every m s −1 increase for wind speeds > 1 m s −1 , typical of outdoor deployments) and temperature (0.001 m 3 day −1 increase in SR or 0.7 % for every 1 • C increase). The temperature dependence can be fully explained by the effect of temperature on the molecular diffusivity of gaseous mercury in air. Although these effects are relatively small, accuracy can be improved by adjusting SRs using measured or estimated temperature and wind speed data at or near sampling sites. We also assessed the possibility of reusing Radiello ® diffusive barriers previously used in the passive air samplers. The mean rate of gaseous Hg uptake was not significantly different between new and previously used diffusive barriers in both lab and outdoor deployments, irrespective of the applied cleaning procedure. No memory effect from Radiellos ® previously deployed in a high Hg atmosphere was observed. However, a loss in replicate precision for the dirtiest Radiellos ® in the indoor experiment suggests that cleaning is advisable prior to reuse.

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Section: S Mclagan Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

et al. 2017

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“…Although not discussed by Plaisance [36], Figure A1 shows a rapid increase in uptake rate for the Palmes PDT at the lowest wind speeds tested. The paper reports that the controlled chamber conditions gave an uptake rate for the standard Palmes PDT of 1.39 ± 0.07 cm 3 min −1 (equivalent to 8.34 × 10 −5 m 3 h −1 ) for 24 h for conditions of 40-50% RH, 20 • C, wind velocity of 0.50 m s −1 and NO 2 concentration of 200 µg m −3 .…”

Section: Chamber Studiesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Plaisance [36] also used an exposure chamber to determine the effects of wind speed in the range 0 to 3.0 m s −1 on uptake by six diffusive samplers: a Palmes tube, a PASSAM tube (www.passam.ch), a badge with diffusion membrane, the EMD sampler (Ecole des Mines, Douai, France) and two radial diffusive samplers. Sensitivity to temperature and RH was not investigated.…”

Section: Chamber Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the uptake rate against which other uptake rates are normalised in the figure. Applying the tube dimensions of L = 7.116 cm and internal diameter = 1.091 cm (i.e., A = 0.9348 cm 2 ) given in Plaisance [36], and a value of D = 0.154 cm 2 s −1 appropriate for 293 K, yields a theoretical uptake rate (AD/L) of 1.21 cm 3 min −1 (or 7.28 × 10 −5 m 3 h −1 ), which is only 0.873 of the measured uptake rate. This is approximately consistent with the Palmes PDT uptake rate shown for the lowest wind speeds in Figure A1.…”

Section: Chamber Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biases in the Measurement of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) by Palmes Passive Diffusion Tube: A Review of Current Understanding

2019

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Palmes-type passive diffusion tubes (PDTs) are widely used to measure levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in air quality studies. Molecules of NO2 diffuse down the concentration gradient established in the tube by their reactive conversion into nitrite (NO2−) with triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent at the inner end. The relatively low uptake rate for the tube geometry means that exposure-averaged NO2 concentration can be calculated from first principles using the diffusion coefficient, D, for NO2 in air. This review provides a critical assessment of the current understanding of sources and extent of potential bias in NO2 PDT measurements in each of the following methodological stages: preparation of the absorbent; quantification of the absorbed NO2−; deployment in the field; calculation of the exposure-average NO2 concentration from the absorbed NO2−; and assessment of PDT bias through comparison against a chemiluminescence NO2 analyser. The review has revealed strong evidence that PDT measurement of NO2 can be subject to bias from a number of sources. The most significant positive biases are ambient wind flow at the entrance of the tube potentially leading to bias of tens of percent, and within-tube chemical reaction between NO and O3 causing bias up to ~25% at urban background locations, but much less at roadside and rural locations. Sources of potentially significant negative bias are associated with deployment times of several weeks in warm and sunny conditions, and deployments in atmospheres with relative humidities <~75% which causes incomplete conversion of NO2 to NO2−. Evidence suggests that biases (positive or negative) can be introduced by individual laboratories in the PDT preparation and NO2− quantification steps. It is insufficiently acknowledged that the value of D is not accurately known—some controlled chamber experiments can be interpreted as indicating that the value of D currently used is too low, giving rise to a positive bias in PDT-derived NO2 concentration. More than one bias may be present in a given PDT deployment, and because the biases act independently the net effect on PDT NO2 determination is the linear sum of individual biases acting on that deployment. The effect of net bias can be reduced by application of a local “bias adjustment” factor derived from co-locations of PDTs with a chemiluminescence analyser. When this is carried out, the PDT is suitable as an indicative measure of NO2 for air quality assessments. However, it must be recognised that individual PDT deployments may be subject to unknown variation in the bias adjustment factor for that deployment.

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“…The literature already reports works focused on meteorological conditions and sampling time influence [27,40,43] but rarely on short sampling duration (mainly on days), concerning this compounds (mainly on BTEX) of interest and on a large range of air velocities. This work is the only study which focuses on over 3m.s -1 air velocity effects, whereas local wind velocity can frequently reach such a value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in 8h-sampling rate assessment considering meteorological parameters variability for biogas VOC passive measurements in the surroundings of a French landfill

Verriele

Allam

Depelchin

et al. 2015

Talanta

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Passive sampling technology has been extensively used for long-term VOC atmospheric concentrations' monitoring. Its performances regarding the short-term measurements and related to VOC from biogas were evaluated in this work: laboratory scale experiments have been conducted in order to check the suitability of Radiello® diffusive samplers for the assessment of 8 h-VOC levels in highly changeable meteorological conditions; in a second step a short pilot field campaign was implemented in the vicinity of a West-French landfill. First of all, it was assessed that amongst a diversified list of 16 characteristic compounds from biogas, mercaptans, some halogenated, oxygenated compounds and terpenes could not be measured accurately by this passive technique either because they are not captured by the sorbent or they are not quantitatively desorbed in the chosen mediated analytical conditions. Moreover, it has been confirmed that sampling rates (SR) related to isopentane, THF, cyclohexane, toluene, p-xylene and n-decane are influenced by environmental factors: the main influence concerns the wind speed. From 2 m s(-1), when the velocity increases by 1 m s(-1), the SR increases from 12 to 32% depending on the COV (considering a linear dependence between 2 and 7 m s(-1)). Humidity has no effect on SR, and temperature influence is rather limited to less than 3% per degree. A comprehensive uncertainty estimation, including uncertainties linked to meteorological changes, has led to global relative uncertainties comprising between 18% and 54% from one VOC to another: a quite high value comparatively to those obtained without considering meteorological condition influences. To illustrate our results, targeted VOC were quantified in the field, on a single day: concentrations range between LD to 3 µg m(-3): relatively very low concentrations compared to those usually reported by literature.

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The effect of the wind velocity on the uptake rates of various diffusive samplers

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

Biases in the Measurement of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) by Palmes Passive Diffusion Tube: A Review of Current Understanding

Improvement in 8h-sampling rate assessment considering meteorological parameters variability for biogas VOC passive measurements in the surroundings of a French landfill

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