The effect of the tuberculin test and the consequences of a delay in blood culture on the sensitivity of a gamma-interferon assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle

Gormley, Eamonn; Doyle, Mairead B.; McGill, Kevina; Costello, Eamon; Good, Margaret; Collins, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.08.002

Cited by 76 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast to this finding, Gormley et al [12] found that the delay in blood culture decreased sensitivity of assay and similar result was reported by Schiller et al [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of gamma interferon assay for detection of bovine tuberculosis in inactive foot and mouth disease vaccine administered cattle

Aras¹,

Bulut²,

Sayın³

2017

JCLM

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“…In contrast to this finding, Gormley et al [12] found that the delay in blood culture decreased sensitivity of assay and similar result was reported by Schiller et al [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The outbreaks of this disease have been a major cause of economic losses to livestock industries worldwide [10]. The inactive FMD vaccines are widely [7,8,11,12]. Schiller et al [8] reported that the time and temperature of culture will affect the result of assay, and the stimulation temperature needs to be 33 °C or higher.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of gamma interferon assay for detection of bovine tuberculosis in inactive foot and mouth disease vaccine administered cattle

Aras¹,

Bulut²,

Sayın³

2017

JCLM

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“…Conversely, we observed a significant (P ϭ 0.03) improvement in specificity in blood stored overnight (from 85% to 97%) with this sample set. We next determined whether the reduced sensitivity resulting from overnight storage was more evident in diseased cattle that were skin test negative, as had been suggested previously (7). For this study, we performed receiver operator comparison (ROC) analyses using samples from tuberculous animals that tested skin test positive or negative as well as disease-free animals ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Cattle

Schiller¹,

Waters

Vordermeier

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis elicit a cell-mediated immune response upon intradermal injection in cattle.In vitro, such antigens stimulate the production of gamma interferon (IFN-␥) by bovine T cells in whole-blood culture (IFN-␥ assay). We have analyzed various parameters of the in vitro IFN-␥ assay, ranging from blood sampling to execution of the IFN-␥ test, in view of potential simplifications of the assay. Here, we show that IFN-␥ responses may be reduced under certain animal handling/holding conditions and that a delayed time from blood collection to culture may lead to a reduced in vitro IFN-␥ response. Delayed initiation of culture in a purified-protein-derivative-based assay (24 h compared to 8 h after blood collection), however, resulted in a significant improvement of specificity (97% compared to 85%), whereas there was only a modest reduction of sensitivity (from 96% to 90%), which was statistically not significant. Furthermore, we show that the stimulation temperature needs to be 33°C or higher; that carbon dioxide is not required for stimulation; and that various plate formats, ranging from 24 to 96 wells per plate, can be utilized. The produced IFN-␥ is stable at 4°C for 28 days as well as after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, stimulation of samples may be initiated in the field without the need for a carbon dioxide source, and bovine IFN-␥ is stable under various routine laboratory temperature scenarios. These findings demonstrate opportunities for improvements in the bovine IFN-␥ test platform and flexibilities in test application.Bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has an important and adverse effect on socioeconomic conditions, public health, and trade of animals and animal products (2). Eradication of bovine TB in cattle is based on detection and slaughter of infected animals or whole herds. The standard antemortem screening test for detection of TB is the intradermal tuberculin skin test (i.e., intradermal injection of tuberculin eliciting a cell-mediated immune response [CMI] at the site, which in turn leads to skin thickening). As an alternative, the CMI can be measured in vitro by stimulating blood cells with tuberculin, which in turn leads to production of gamma interferon (IFN-␥), which can then be quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Bovigam IFN-␥ assay) (15).The Bovigam assay constitutes a laboratory-based TB test and is widely used complementarily to the tuberculin skin test (4, 11), as it offers national TB control programs and industry an additional tool for curtailing the spread of TB in cattle and other Bovidae. The assay critically depends on the sample quality, culture conditions, and quality control of stimulation reagents. The CMI, both in vivo and in vitro, may be negatively affected by stress or corticosteroid application (5). Thus, parallel stimulation of blood leukocytes with mitogen or superantigen in the IFN-␥ assay is commonly used as an indicator of sample quality and potential for underlying CMI suppression, thereby re...

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“…However, it is well documented that both diagnostic techniques are only partially successful in distinguishing infected cattle from healthy, uninfected animals, with reported sensitivities ranging from 68 to 95% for the skin test (25). Several factors also affect the sensitivity of the IFN-␥ test; these factors may include the proximity of blood sampling to the time of skin test and the time between blood sampling and assay setup (11,30,31). However, major factors underlying the lack of sensitivity of both diagnostic tests is prior exposure of cattle to other mycobacteria present within the environment that share common antigens with M. bovis and nonspecific responses possibly due to NK cells in young animals (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cytometric Detection of Gamma Interferon Can Effectively DiscriminateMycobacterium bovisBCG-Vaccinated Cattle fromM. bovis-Infected Cattle

Sopp

Howard

Hope

2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that is increasing in incidence in United Kingdom cattle herds. In addition to increasing economic losses, the rise in bovine tuberculosis poses a human health risk. There is an urgent requirement for effective strategies for disease eradication; this will likely involve vaccination in conjunction with current test and slaughter policies. A policy involving vaccination would require an accurate diagnosis of M. bovis-infected animals and the potential to distinguish these animals from vaccinates. Currently used diagnostic tests, the skin test and gamma interferon (IFN-␥)

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The effect of the tuberculin test and the consequences of a delay in blood culture on the sensitivity of a gamma-interferon assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle

Cited by 76 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of gamma interferon assay for detection of bovine tuberculosis in inactive foot and mouth disease vaccine administered cattle

Evaluation of gamma interferon assay for detection of bovine tuberculosis in inactive foot and mouth disease vaccine administered cattle

Optimization of a Whole-Blood Gamma Interferon Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium bovis -Infected Cattle

Flow Cytometric Detection of Gamma Interferon Can Effectively DiscriminateMycobacterium bovisBCG-Vaccinated Cattle fromM. bovis-Infected Cattle

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