The effect of the Super-X divertor of MAST Upgrade on impurity radiation as modelled by SOLPS

Havlickova, E.; Wischmeier, M.; Lipschultz, B.; Fishpool, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.073

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…More exotic divertors were studied only with the 2-D edge plasma transport codes. These simulations are demonstrating promising results for small scale tokamaks (Havlíčková et al 2015;Umansky et al 2016). For example, in figure 35 one can see the power scan of the peak electron temperature on the outer divertor targets, found from 2-D simulations, for the divertor configurations envisioned for the ADX project (LaBombard et al 2015).…”

Section: Transient Effects In the Detached Divertor Regimementioning

confidence: 89%

“…These simulations are demonstrating promising results for small scale tokamaks (Havlíčková et al. 2015; Umansky et al. 2016).…”

Section: Physics Of Detached Divertor Plasmamentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In recent years significant amount of 2-D simulations was devoted to the study of the impact of novel magnetic configurations and geometry of divertors on both the heat exhaust and detachment (e.g. Havlíčková et al 2015;Wischmeier et al 2015;Asakura et al 2016;Umansky et al 2016;Guo et al 2017). For example, in figure 20 one can see the divertor configurations modelled in (Umansky et al 2016).…”

Section: Modelling Of High-recycling and Detached Divertor Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Krasheninnikov¹,

2017

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The basic physics of the processes playing the most important role in divertor plasma detachment is reviewed. The models used in the two-dimensional edge plasma transport codes that are widely used to address different issues of the edge plasma physics and to simulate the experimental data, as well as the numerical schemes and convergence issues, are described. The processes leading to ultimate divertor plasma detachment, the transition to and the stability of the detached regime, as well as the impact of the magnetic configuration and divertor geometry on detachment, are considered. A consistent, integral physical picture of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma is developed.

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Section: Transient Effects In the Detached Divertor Regimementioning

confidence: 89%

“…These simulations are demonstrating promising results for small scale tokamaks (Havlíčková et al. 2015; Umansky et al. 2016).…”

Section: Physics Of Detached Divertor Plasmamentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Modelling Of High-recycling and Detached Divertor Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Krasheninnikov¹,

2017

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“…This configuration has been implemented in the MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) tokamak. Previous predictive detachment modelling of MAST-U has primarily focussed on the advantages of the SXD configuration over the conventional divertor configuration [18][19][20][21]. This work primarily builds on and extends the predictive modelling presented in [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SOLPS-ITER predictive simulations of the impact of ion-molecule elastic collisions on strongly detached MAST-U Super-X divertor conditions

et al. 2023

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The role of ion-molecule ( D + − D 2 ) elastic collisions in strongly detached divertor conditions has been studied in the MAST-U Super-X configuration using SOLPS-ITER. Two strongly detached steady state solutions were compared, one obtained through a main-ion fuelling scan and the other through a nitrogen seeding scan at fixed fuelling rate. A significant difference in the electron–ion recombination (EIR) levels was observed; significant EIR in strongly detached conditions in the fuelling scan and negligible EIR throughout the seeding scan. This is partly because the fuelling scan achieves electron temperatures ( T e ) as low as 0.2 eV near the divertor target, compared to 0.8 eV in the seeding scan (EIR increases strongly below T e ≈ 1 eV), and partly due to higher divertor plasma densities achieved in fuelling scan. Features of the strongly detached seeded cases, i.e. higher temperatures and negligible EIR, are recovered in the fuelling scan by turning off D + − D 2 elastic collisions. Analysis suggests that dissipation mechanisms like line radiation and charge exchange (important for detachment initiation) become weak when T e falls below 1 eV, and that D + − D 2 elastic collisions are necessary for further heat dissipation and access to strongly recombining conditions in the fuelling scan. In the seeding scan, heat dissipation through D + − D 2 elastic collisions is weak. This could be because our nitrogen seeding simulations do not include interactions between nitrogen ions and neutrals, and the strongly detached cases contain high levels of N + in the divertor. As a result, the N + acts like a reservoir of energy and momentum which appears to weaken the impact of D + − D 2 elastic collisions on the divertor plasma energy and momentum balance, making it more difficult to access recombining conditions. This suggests that some of the differences between seeding and fuelling scans could be because energy and momentum exchange between impurities and neutrals is not sufficiently captured in our simulations.

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“…Long legs are features of several proposed alternative divertor designs, shown in simulations of Super-X, XPTD, and others, and demonstrated in experiments, including the TCV tokamak, the KSTAR tokamak, and recent experiments in MAST-U [4][5][6][7]. These results have shown promise in the long leg as a novel divertor improvement, and simulations suggest the existence of stable, fully detached solutions for a multitude long-leg configurations in reactor-relevant conditions, making the long divertor leg configuration an appealing candidate for exhaust systems in future fusion pilot plants [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Energy and particle balance during plasma detachment in a long-leg divertor configuration

Masline

Krasheninnikov

2023

Nucl. Fusion

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Comprehensive studies of energy and particle balances in the transition to plasma detachment in an alternative divertor configuration with long outer legs are shown. Numerical simulations are performed with the 2D code suite SOLPS 4.3, using a disconnected double null grid with narrow, tightly baffled long poloidal leg divertors at the outer lower target and outer upper target. A density scan is performed using the “closed gas box” model, where the tunable parameter in the simulations is the total number of deuterium particles in the simulation space and all other parameters are held fixed, including a constant input power and trace neon impurity radiation, to assess the physics of the transition to detachment in the system as the density increases. Three main aspects of the physics of divertor detachment are addressed: the criteria for the local onset of divertor detachment in each of the divertors, the distribution of heat flux and other plasma parameters between the four divertors as each divertor transitions to detachment, and the role of perpendicular transport in the transition to the detached regime. A synergistic mechanism by which the cross-field transport is reduced by factors associated with the onset of plasma recombination effects is identified. These results are compared to the existing understanding of the physics of the transition to plasma detachment in standard divertors.

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The effect of the Super-X divertor of MAST Upgrade on impurity radiation as modelled by SOLPS

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor plasma

SOLPS-ITER predictive simulations of the impact of ion-molecule elastic collisions on strongly detached MAST-U Super-X divertor conditions

Energy and particle balance during plasma detachment in a long-leg divertor configuration

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