The effect of the standoff distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold sprayed Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) coatings

Góral, A.; Żórawski, W.; Makrenek, M.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.006

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In this paper, we experimented using the base powder Cr 3 C 2 -25(Ni20Cr), which has been used for many years to deposit wear-resistant coatings, mainly via HVOF spraying [25][26][27]. Several studies have also been carried out on the properties of these coatings deposited by means of cold spraying [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Cr3C2-Ni20Cr/Graphite Cold Sprayed Coatings

et al. 2021

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This study analyzed the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) blended with Ni-graphite as a solid lubricant deposited on 7075 aluminum alloy substrate. To optimize the coating properties, different sets of parameters (graphite content in feedstock, process gas composition, spraying distance, and traverse gun speed) were tested in the frame of the Taguchi experiment. The cold-sprayed coatings were evaluated for their chromium carbide and graphite content, hardness, and coefficient of friction. Analysis of the microstructure of the deposited coatings revealed that graphite as a soft and brittle component fills all voids in the coating and its quantity depends on its content in the feedstock. The experimental results show that the composition of the process gas has the greatest impact on the Cr3C2 content in the coating and the proportion of graphite in the sprayed blend directly affects its hardness. In the case of the coefficient of friction, the most significant parameters were the graphite content in the sprayed blend, the spraying distance, and process gas composition. The conducted verification experiment with the optimum parameter values allowed a coating with the highest hardness and the lowest coefficient of friction to be obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Cr3C2-Ni20Cr/Graphite Cold Sprayed Coatings

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, the deviations between the simulation and experimental results can stem from the differences between the assumed and real boundary conditions (Ref 86 ), the complexities of the real microstructures such as reinforcing particle clustering (Ref 79 ) that are not yet incorporated into the generated RVEs, the fracture of reinforcing particles during the cold spray deposition process (Ref 18 ) leading to damage accumulation, and the increase in porosity due to interface decohesion and particle cracking (Ref 87 ), which are not considered in the GTN model implemented in the present study. In addition, the work hardening effect (Ref 88 ) induced in the Al matrix by the high-velocity impact of hard ceramic particles gives rise to a significant increase in dislocation density (Ref 89 ), which results in higher strength and hardness in the experimental samples when compared to the model material systems. To account for these crystallographic orientation effects (Ref 90 ) in the model, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)-based RVEs (Ref 91 , 92 ) can be employed in the future as a promising future direction to numerically explore the micromechanical behavior of MMC coatings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Microstructure-Based Finite Element Simulation of Cold-Sprayed Al-Al2O3 Composite Coatings Under Quasi-Static Compression and Indentation Loading

et al. 2021

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This study developed microstructure-based finite element (FE) models to investigate the behavior of cold-sprayed aluminum–alumina (Al-Al 2 O 3 ) metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings subject to indentation and quasi-static compression loading. Based on microstructural features (i.e., particle weight fraction, particle size, and porosity) of the MMC coatings, 3D representative volume elements (RVEs) were generated by using Digimat software and then imported into ABAQUS/Explicit. State-of-the-art physics-based modeling approaches were incorporated into the model to account for particle cracking, interface debonding, and ductile failure of the matrix. This allowed for analysis and informing on the deformation and failure responses. The model was validated with experimental results for cold-sprayed Al-34 wt.% Al 2 O 3 and Al-46 wt.% Al 2 O 3 metal matrix composite coatings under quasi-static compression by comparing the stress versus strain histories and observed failure mechanisms (e.g., matrix ductile failure). The results showed that the computational framework is able to capture the response of this cold-sprayed material system under compression and indentation, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The outcomes of this work have implications for extending the model to materials design and for applications involving different types of loading in real-world application (e.g., erosion and fatigue).

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“…This is due to the essence of the measurement technique's highly localized testing points. These tests are generally not destructive and, at the same time, enable the measurement of a diverse set of properties, including hardness and elastic modulus [9][10][11]. Modern testing devices enable quick measurement, which makes it possible to build maps containing from several to several dozen or even several hundred measurement points within several dozen minutes.…”

Section: Issn 1335-4205 (Print Version) Issn 2585-7878 (Online Version)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation as a Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Coatings

Makrenek¹

2021

Komunikácie

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The paper presents the methodology behind the statistical selection of input parameters using the example of spraying two cold-sprayed coatings. The Ti and Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr)-Gr coatings were tested. Despite the large difference in the structure of these coatings, nanoindentation studies were carried out focusing on the nano hardness H and elastic modulus E. Based on the four input parameters and two output parameters, a 2-level factorial 2(k-p) experimental design was performed. The conducted analysis showed the significant influence of the spray distance on the H and E values in the case of the Ti coating. The input parameters of the spray distance and the type of carrier gas used turned out to be statistically significant in the case of the cermet coating. Taking into account the statistical analysis, the coatings were sprayed with modified values of the input parameters.

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The effect of the standoff distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold sprayed Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) coatings

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Cr3C2-Ni20Cr/Graphite Cold Sprayed Coatings

Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Cr3C2-Ni20Cr/Graphite Cold Sprayed Coatings

3D Microstructure-Based Finite Element Simulation of Cold-Sprayed Al-Al2O3 Composite Coatings Under Quasi-Static Compression and Indentation Loading

Nanoindentation as a Method for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Cold Spray Coatings

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