It has been found that empirical analysis provides a possibility to select the optimum concentration of the repair and restoring composition (RVS), addition of which to the transmission oil provides an increase in wear resistance of 42Cr4 steel under rolling and slip conditions. The structural adaptability of finely dispersed components of the friction geo-modifier RVS, boundary lubricating films and surface layers of metal under friction and under dynamic loading conditions contribute to reducing the wear of contact surfaces. It has been established that the addition of 1.5 % RVS to the lubricant provides a 17 % reduction in the wear of rolling friction pairs, provides hardening of the surface layers of the metal by 1.36 times, compared with the initial surface. The micro-hardness of the surface layers of the metal and its gradient depth distribution, the microgeometry of the surface layer formed during friction, and the formation of boundary lubricating layers on the friction-activated contact surfaces are key indicators that increase the wear resistance in friction pairs.