The effect of the selected remediation medium on the cadmium bioavailability in the selected ecosystem in the Southwestern locality of Slovakia

Abstract

Soil is a sensitive ecological factor. Biodegradable materials from the environment can also be used to deal with serious ecological problems. Soil affecting by remediation medium - garden compost - was analysed for toxic cadmium (Cd) in terms of environmental protection. The objective of this research was to analyse soil and compost at foothill locality of the Tribeč Mountains (Southwestern Slovakia) in the years 2015−2017 to determine Cd contents in soil and compost, pH and to assess Cd bioavailability. The analyses were carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with seven-step Selective Sequential Extraction methods. The results obtained were evaluated statistically using the SAS 9.4 software method by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The results showed that Cd contents in soil had reached 2.96 mg kg−1 and soil with compost (the ratio 1:1) 2.71 mg kg−1 dry matter. Cd contents in the soil exceeded maximum allowed limit of 196%. And deceased by 25% after adding compost. The pH in soil with compost varied from 6.78 to 7.98. The pH prevented the mobility of Cd about 8.3% in average. Statistical dependence was high, which was demonstrated for relationship between Cd in soil, pH and compost. Available Cd forms in soil were 53.3% and soil with compost were 45% in average. The garden compost as a remediation medium reduced Cd bioavailability.

The Monitoring of Selected Heavy Metals Content and Bioavailability in the Soil-Plant System and Its Impact on Sustainability in Agribusiness Food Chains

“…The availability of macronutrients and micronutrients, such as Zn, also affect Cd's absorption in plants [147]. Cadmium slows down the root system's growth and causes chlorosis, even necrosis, with an overall decrease in biomass and yields [26]. We have reached similar results in our research as well.…”

“…Factors affecting the process of soil contamination and thus sustainable agriculture are, for example: human activity, the organic carbon content in the soil, pH, available phosphorus, soil structure, and the capacity of exchangeable cations [19][20][21][22][23]. Soil contamination can damage and cause deterioration of water quality and have a negative impact on the environment [24][25][26]. Many studies have found that land-use change [27], cultivated plants, surrounding transport networks and hydrology of the territory [28,29], diversity of land use [30], and different ways of maintaining the soil are related to soil contamination [27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Assesment of heavy metals concentration in initial soils of post-mining landscapes in Kryvyi Rih District (Ukraine)

“…Numerous studies confirmed that revegetation is the most efficient, effective and widely accepted way to environmental stabilization of waste rock dumps in post-mining areas. The scholars and experts indicated that a sustainable vegetation cover can cause many positive on the dumps (de Lima, Mendanha, 2019; Zverkovskyy et al, 2018;Zhukov et al, 2021;Urminska et al, 2019). But, the practical application of revegetation techniques is very difficult for the following reasons: (i) high cost of the implementation; (ii) long-term preparation and (iii) potential limitations of material availability (Lacy, 2019;Raizada, Dhyani, 2020;Stanturf et al, 2021;Vriens et al, 2020).…”

“…Numerous researchers have convincingly proven that waste rock dumps have a strong and negative impact on the environment. Moreover, in many countries, especially in developing countries, environmental, social and stabilization issues have not been considered as an integral part in mining (Fazekas et al, 2018;Savosko et al, 2020bSavosko et al, , 2021Sediva, Izakovicova, 2015;Urminska et al, 2019).…”