The effect of the proton-concentration-to-refractive-index models on the propagation properties of APE waveguides

Passaro, Angelo; Franco, Marcos A. R.; Abe, Nancy Mieko; Sircilli, F.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2002.800264

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We assume that it can be explained by the fact that in the case of the APE technique, after proton exchange and before annealing, the waveguides exhibit a step-like index profile. This shape of the index profile is the initial condition found in any modeling and experimental study of annealing in the case of the APE technique, which is not the case in our investigation [4][5][6][7][8]. Our initial conditions are quite different: the index profile is expressed as the sum of two generalized exponential functions, as presented in Figure 1, and in agreement with our previous work [1].…”

Section: Samples Fabrication and Index Profiles Reconstructionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Phase Composition of HiVac-VPE Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides Identified by Spectroscopic Investigations

Rambu,

Kostritskii,

Fedorov

et al. 2024

Materials

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High-index contrast lithium niobate waveguides, fabricated by the High Vacuum Vapor-phase Proton Exchange (HiVac-VPE) technique, are very promising for increasing both the optical nonlinear and electro-optical efficiencies of photonic integrated devices. So as to play this role effectively, it is mandatory to know the crystallographic phase composition of waveguides and the position of protonated layers for appropriate tailoring and optimization based on the intended applications. In addition, the estimation of structural disorder and electro-optical properties of the waveguides are also of high interest. Benefiting from Raman spectroscopy, IR reflection, IR absorption, and UV-VIS absorption, the HxLi1−xNbO3 phase compositions, as well as the structural disorder in waveguides, were determined. Based on experimental data on the shift of the fundamental absorption edge, we have quantitatively estimated the electro-optic coefficient r13 in as-exchanged waveguides. The electro-optical properties of the waveguides have been found to be depending on the phase composition. The obtained results allow for reconsidering the proton exchange fabricating process of photonic nonlinear devices and electro-optic modulators based on high-index contrast channel waveguides on the LiNbO3 platform.

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Section: Samples Fabrication and Index Profiles Reconstructionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Three bands in the region of OH stretching vibrations are indicated on the LN crystal stoichiometry (CLN in our case), and the α phase of HxLi1−xNbO3 is within the range of 3466-3490 cm −1 . The bands within the range of 3496-3520 cm −1 indicate the presence of κ1, κ2, and βi phases of HxLi1−xNbO3 [6,10,11,19,21].…”

Section: Ir Absorption Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%