“…This result reinforces the observations made in Figure 8 and aligns with the findings of our previous study, which specifically investigated the film thickness variation along its MD and TD. 36 The most significant finding from this study is that, despite the sample exhibiting similar mean deformation along x and y axes under the same load condition, it shows higher strain concentration in the TD compared to the MD. Specifically, the strain concentration in the TD is found to be approximately 8 times greater than that in MD, resulting in that the von Mises strain concentration is almost 8 times more important compared to the average Mises strain.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 62%
“…Our previous research study aimed at investigating the film thickness stability along the machine direction and transverse direction has already confirmed a large instability of the film thickness along the transverse direction, which manifested in less and more translucent bands parallel to the blown direction of the film. 36 The highest strain concentration value is at the 37 mm peak relative to the film center, which corresponds to the film tear zone. These results demonstrate that 3D-DIC is a potentially useful technique for investigating defects such as thickness instability or micro-pores and cracks in the material bulk and for predicting where the material will break-up.Figure 17.The von Mises strain evolution along section 1.Figure 18.Strain evolution along section 2.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…These results align with visual observations of the film, which revealed the presence of translucent bands parallel to the MD, as discussed in our previous study. 36 In order to prove the spherical shape hypothesis of the bulged film, the evolution of the displacement contour presentation was analyzed, as shown in Figure 9.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These results align with visual observations of the film, which revealed the presence of translucent bands parallel to the MD, as discussed in our previous study. 36 Figure 8.Film thickness versus position for MD (a) and TD (b) directions.…”
The bulge test is a versatile mechanical testing technique widely applied in materials science, engineering, and biomedical research to understand the mechanical behavior of materials and structures. In this study, PLA blown films were characterized through the bulge test, and the corresponding properties were compared to those obtained from uniaxial t!esting. To achieve more accurate and precise deformation measurements, 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) was used, offering superior capabilities in terms of accuracy, precision, and non-destructive testing. This technique can detect defects such as cracks, voids, and delamination in materials and structures. During the bulge testing, 3D-DIC was utilized to analyze the strain field evolution within the test sample and identify regions of reduced film thickness. Notably, the results indicated zones with strain concentration aligned parallel to the film machine direction, suggesting localized thickness reduction in those areas.
“…This result reinforces the observations made in Figure 8 and aligns with the findings of our previous study, which specifically investigated the film thickness variation along its MD and TD. 36 The most significant finding from this study is that, despite the sample exhibiting similar mean deformation along x and y axes under the same load condition, it shows higher strain concentration in the TD compared to the MD. Specifically, the strain concentration in the TD is found to be approximately 8 times greater than that in MD, resulting in that the von Mises strain concentration is almost 8 times more important compared to the average Mises strain.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 62%
“…Our previous research study aimed at investigating the film thickness stability along the machine direction and transverse direction has already confirmed a large instability of the film thickness along the transverse direction, which manifested in less and more translucent bands parallel to the blown direction of the film. 36 The highest strain concentration value is at the 37 mm peak relative to the film center, which corresponds to the film tear zone. These results demonstrate that 3D-DIC is a potentially useful technique for investigating defects such as thickness instability or micro-pores and cracks in the material bulk and for predicting where the material will break-up.Figure 17.The von Mises strain evolution along section 1.Figure 18.Strain evolution along section 2.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…These results align with visual observations of the film, which revealed the presence of translucent bands parallel to the MD, as discussed in our previous study. 36 In order to prove the spherical shape hypothesis of the bulged film, the evolution of the displacement contour presentation was analyzed, as shown in Figure 9.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These results align with visual observations of the film, which revealed the presence of translucent bands parallel to the MD, as discussed in our previous study. 36 Figure 8.Film thickness versus position for MD (a) and TD (b) directions.…”
The bulge test is a versatile mechanical testing technique widely applied in materials science, engineering, and biomedical research to understand the mechanical behavior of materials and structures. In this study, PLA blown films were characterized through the bulge test, and the corresponding properties were compared to those obtained from uniaxial t!esting. To achieve more accurate and precise deformation measurements, 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) was used, offering superior capabilities in terms of accuracy, precision, and non-destructive testing. This technique can detect defects such as cracks, voids, and delamination in materials and structures. During the bulge testing, 3D-DIC was utilized to analyze the strain field evolution within the test sample and identify regions of reduced film thickness. Notably, the results indicated zones with strain concentration aligned parallel to the film machine direction, suggesting localized thickness reduction in those areas.
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