The Effect of the Midlatitude Electron Density Trough on the Ionospheric Conductivities

The Mathematical characteristic of the Phase and Group Velocities of Pure Alfvèn Wave in the E Region of the Ionosphere for Low Latitudes

“…Lowercase u is the fluid's velocity, m mass density, and B is the magnetic field. Under equilibrium conditions, the fluid is assumed to be spatially uniform with constant density m0, the equilibrium velocity is accepted zero and throughout the fluid the magnetic induction B0 is uniform and constant (Swanson, 1989;Timucin et al, 2019;Timucin et al, 2014;Unal et al, 2011;Yaşar, 2021;Yaşar, 2021;Yeşil et al, 2021;Yeşil and Sagir 2019). If both electrical and fluid equations are used within each other (Equations (1-3)), Eq.…”

“…Until now, a large number of scientists haveperformed noteworthystudies about various properties, physical structure, and chemical structure of the Earth's ionosphere (Budden, 1988;Budden and Stott 1980;Hunsucker and Hargreaves 2003;Kaladze et al, 2019;Ratcliffe 1959). Since the ionosphere has a conductive structure, the behavior of electromagnetic waves in a such environment under various conditions, have been studied in literature (Budden, 1988;Budden and Stott 1980;Hunsucker and Hargreaves 2003;Kaladze et al, 2019;Ratcliffe 1959;Richard, 2014;Rishbeth, 1973;Swanson, 1989;Timucin et al, 2019;Timucin et al, 2014;Unal et al, DOI: 10.29132/ijpas.1071119 2011;Yaşar, 2021;Yeşil et al, 2021;Yeşil and Sagir 2019;Yeşil 2006;Yeşil and Kurt 2019;Whitten and Popoff, 1971).But, low-frequency waves have been studied for a long time in ionosphere but these studies these studies are lacking due to some approaches (Richard, 2014;Rishbeth, 1973;Swanson, 1989;Timucin et al, 2019;Timucin et al, 2014;Unal et al, 2011;Yaşar, 2021;Yaşar, 2021;Yeşil et al, 2021;Yeşil and Sagir 2019;Yeşil 2006).Wave propagation in partially ionized plasma also plays an important role in the coupling between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. For example, the ionosphere may support very-low-frequency Alfvèn wave which can be caused by a balance between the bulk fluid inertia and the deformation of the magnetic field.…”

“…When plasma drags the magnetic field, the stresses occurring in the plasma propagate with the sound waves. Otherwise, this stress propagates Alfvèn waves (Richard, 2014;Richard, 2014;Rishbeth, 1973;Swanson, 1989;Timucin et al, 2019;Timucin et al, 2014;Unal et al, 2011;Yaşar, 2021;Yaşar, 2021;Yeşil et al, 2021;Yeşil and Sagir 2019;Yeşil2006). Why is it important for us to study group and phase velocity?…”

“…It is also possible to reduce the group velocity to zero by stopping the current or creating a negative group velocity. In all cases, however, photons continue to propagate in the medium at the speed of light (Swanson, 1989;Timucin et al, 2019;Timucin et al, 2014;Unal et al, 2011;Yaşar, 2021;Yaşar, 2021;Yeşil et al, 2021;Yeşil and Sagir 2019).…”

F2 Bolgesinde Sonum Katsayilarinin Karesinin (F2) Buyuklugunun Dusuk Enlemlerdeki Davranisinin Incelenmesi

“…İyonküreyi karakterize eden ve ana omurgası olan elektron yoğunluğu; Güneş aktivitesi, jeomanyetik aktivite, coğrafik konum, yerel zaman ve mevsimler gibi paremetrelere bağlıdır [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. İyonküreden dalgaların yansıması, ortamın kırılma indisi, dalganın frekansı ve iyonkürenin içindeki yüklü parçacıkların titreşim frekansları ile ilgilidir.…”