The effect of the hydrothermal carbonization process on palm oil empty fruit bunch

Madusari, Sylvia; Howse, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.09.061

Cited by 94 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The occurrence of the peak at 1715cm -1 suggests that the hemicellulose associated with the lignin fraction are rich in acetyl, hydroxycinnamate or ester groups [22], [23]. Meanwhile, the decrease in intensity for aromatic skeletal vibrations at ~1602 cm -1 depicts the lignin decomposition [22], [23].…”

Section: E Fourier Transform Infrared (Ftir) Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Valorization of Rice Waste via Torrefaction Method

Teh¹,

Madusari²

2016

IJCEA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Biomass plays a crucial role as the source of renewable carbon which can be utilised in the production of biofuels. However, the raw biomass itself has some undesirable properties such as high moisture content, low energy density and deterioration after a short duration of storing period. Hence, a thermochemical process, known as torrefaction is normally used to preliminary treat the biomass to enhance its physical properties. This study focus on the characterization of the physical properties of the torrefied rice biomass which are rice husk and rice straw under three different temperatures of 220 °C , 250 °C and 280 °C with residence time of 30 min.The heating rate was set as 15 °C /min after the temperature profile study on the customized reactor was investigated. From the experimental results, it is noticeable that torrefaction enhances the calorific value of the biomass by 3-17% for rice husk and 4-20% for rice straw. The torrefied rice-based biomass also helps to remove the moisture content of raw rice husk and rice straw by 6.5% and 8.3% respectively. The mass yield of the torrefied rice-based biomass is between the range of 78-91% for rice husk and 82-90% for rice straw. Meanwhile, the energy yield for rice husk is in the range of 92-94% and 93-98% for rice straw after torrefaction. This study concludes that 250 °C is the optimum torrefaction temperature for the conversion of rice waste into valuable biofuel.

show abstract

Section: E Fourier Transform Infrared (Ftir) Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Valorization of Rice Waste via Torrefaction Method

Teh¹,

Madusari²

2016

IJCEA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Small holes can be seen on the morphology of the products as a repetition of the pores occurs at similar distance with another pore. This can be assumed that a rupture process of fibers on the weakest spot, which is amorphous part, of the fiber polymeric bonds starts to occur at temperature 200°C [11].…”

Section: B Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Morphological Study on the Carbon Particles from Wood Fiber Waste via Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

Madusari¹,

Howse²,

Bakar³

2013

IJCEA

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Wood fiber waste is abundantly produced from the medium density wood fiber industry. The production of carbon from biomass is having more intention from the researcher due to the application. In this research, the conversion of biomass from wood fiber waste into carbon particle via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process is chosen. In this experiment, wood fiber and water were added in a pressure vessel and heated up to temperature between 200 -220°C for 4 hours. Analyses were carried out using Elemental Analyzer, TGA, FTIR and FESEM for the characterization phase. The carbon value recorded an improvement as the O/C ratio of raw material is higher than the HTC products. The surface morphology obtained from FESEM showed pores on the surface of the HTC product suggesting a processing route to complicated carbon based structures. It can be concluded that both processes is practicable method to convert biomass into value added product.

show abstract

“…Extracting crude oil from fresh oil palm fruit leaving abundant of fibrous empty fruit bunches (EFB). EFB is a natural fiber that typically consist of 24-65% cellulose, 21-34% hemicellulose and 14-31% lignin [11][12][13][14][15][16]. As it is very abundant and can widely be found in Malaysia, this fiber is the most suitable fiber used and converted into carbon fiber through hydrothermal carbonization process in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%