The Effect of the Current on the Composition of Biocoenoses in Flowing Water Streams

Jaag, Otto; Ambühl, H.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-8391-3.50011-7

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This exponent was not significantly different from the exponent (0.5) predicted by laminar-boundary layer theory (39). We obtained similar results by fitting a curve to the data for oxygen concentrations just below the threshold for survival of a mayfly larva at various current speeds (29). As our study indicates, the state of the boundary layer and, hence, the slope of the function relating mass transfer to flow rate depends on the interaction between flow regime and organism structure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…1A). Although the number of flow speeds obtained was constrained by the available chamber pump sizes, the data for the soft coral exhibit asymptotic behavior also seen in gas-exchange studies in marine algae (6,27,28) and freshwater insects (29). The nondimensional analysis of the effect of forced convection on the dissolved gas transfer is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Diffusive-boundary layer thickness is a reasonable mechanism for modulating gasexchange rates in invertebrates; but do rates of gas exchange scale with increasing flow speed, as boundary layer mechanics would predict? By and large, the evidence is scanty; we calculated a geometric regression using data from a study of gas exchange in caddisflies (29) and found that the mass transport was proportional to (flow speed)0 38. This exponent was not significantly different from the exponent (0.5) predicted by laminar-boundary layer theory (39).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forced convection modulates gas exchange in cnidarians

Patterson

Sebens

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Boundary layer thickness is a potentially important component of the diffusive pathway for gas exchange in aquatic organisms. The soft coral Akyonium siderium (Octocorallia) and sea anemone Metridium senile (Actiniaria) exhibit significant increases in respiration with water flow over a range of Reynolds numbers encountered subtidally. A nondimensional mass transfer analysis of the effect of forced convection demonstrates the importance of the state of the organism's boundary layer in regulating metabolism in these invertebrates. Flow-modulated gas exchange may limit secondary productivity in subtidal environments.The condition of the boundary layer is the most pervasive physical influence on the biology of many aquatic organisms (1, 2). Through the action of fluid viscosity, boundary layers form over surfaces immersed in moving fluids. Boundary layer thickness is the distance over which fluid speed or dissolved species concentration changes from the value found immediately adjacent to the surface to some constant "mainstream" value found some distance above the surface. All mass transport with the environment occurs through this layer of relatively stagnant water overlying the organism. Although some aquatic invertebrates (3, 4) and vertebrates (5) depend on environmental flows to ventilate their exchange surfaces, the effect of boundary layer thickness has not been examined closely in studies of marine invertebrate respiration. The thickness of the diffusive boundary layer determines the concentration gradient of dissolved species. For example, this layer has been found to modulate bicarbonate diffusion into aquatic plants and, hence, to determine the maximum rate of photosynthesis (6). Similarly, diffusive boundary layer thickness affects gas exchange in symbiotic scleractinian corals (7,8) and, thus, their growth rates (9).The bottom momentum boundary layer is usually smoothturbulent to rough-turbulent in natural flows over benthic organisms (10). The character of the flow around an organism is set by the size and distribution of neighboring roughness elements (other organisms, topographic elements-such as boulders and sand), and the overall shape and the surface roughness or structure of the organism. In a smoothturbulent flow, a laminar sublayer exists immediately adjacent to the organism surface with a linear profile offlow speed vs. height. In the lower part of this section of the boundary layer, flux of material to an organism occurs by simple diffusion. In a rough-turbulent boundary layer, by definition, the roughness elements are of sufficient height to poke through and disrupt the laminary sublayer (11). Mass transfer increases greatly through the action of turbulent eddies. A final possibility is that the boundary layer over the organism may be transitional between these extremes and laminar sublayers can exist discontinuously in time and space.The flow past an organism attached to the substrate in a benthic boundary layer can be quite complex, with the thickness of slower moving water chang...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forced convection modulates gas exchange in cnidarians

Patterson

Sebens

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Faster average water column velocities would logically generate faster microcurrents flowing between and under stones. Therefore, while direct and accurate measurements of current in interstitial stonefly habitats remain difficult to obtain, indirect water column measurements may be sufficiently precise (see Jaag and Ambu¨hl 1964;Petr 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A seasonal change in the distribution of a stream‐dwelling stonefly nymph reflects oxygen supply and water flow

Genkai‐Kato

Mitsuhashi

Kohmatsu

et al. 2005

Ecological Research

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We examined the effects of oxygen availability, which has been viewed as a minor factor in streams, on the seasonal and spatial microhabitat distribution of a stonefly. Surveys were conducted in winter and summer in a mountain stream by collecting stones from the streambed and determining the presence or absence of the insect. At each stone sampling, we also measured physical conditions. The probability of the stonefly presence increased significantly with current velocity in summer, but not in winter. Because current influences oxygen renewal rates, our results suggest that the distribution of the insect could be restricted by oxygen.

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“…In general, current is one of the most important environmental variables determining distribution and abundance patterns of aquatic insect species (Scott, 1958;Chutter, 1969;Ward, 1992). Many species of aquatic insects are confined to running water because of inherent current requirements associated with their respiratory physiology (Philipson, 1954;Jaag & Ambu¨hl, 1964;Golubkov et al, 1992) or feeding mechanisms (Maitland & Penney, 1967;Hynes, 1970;Fuller & Mackay, 1980;Osborne & Herricks, 1987). The importance of water flow of Himalopsyche for respiration have been studied for H. japonica (Tsuruishi & Yoshida, 2003a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Water Flow on Larval Growth and Pupation of Himalopsyche acharai, (Malicky and Chantaramongkol, 1989) (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

Tsuruishi

Ketavan

Suwan³

et al. 2006

Hydrobiologia

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Larval mortality with growth and pupation rates of Himalopsyche acharai were compared between standing and flowing water in a laboratory from June to November 2004. In flowing water, 90% of larvae started pupal case building and 81.5% of them developed to pupae by October. In standing water, 92.6% died before pupation. The larvae reared in flowing water grew significantly faster than those in standing water. These results show why Himalopsyche acharai does not inhabit pools and slowly flowing streams.

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The Effect of the Current on the Composition of Biocoenoses in Flowing Water Streams

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Forced convection modulates gas exchange in cnidarians

Forced convection modulates gas exchange in cnidarians

A seasonal change in the distribution of a stream‐dwelling stonefly nymph reflects oxygen supply and water flow

Importance of Water Flow on Larval Growth and Pupation of Himalopsyche acharai, (Malicky and Chantaramongkol, 1989) (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae)

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