The effect of the beech bark disease on the growth and survival of beech in northern hardwoods

Mize, Carl W.; Lea, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1979.tb00684.x

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Mortality data from other northern hardwood forests experiencing the killing front stage of the disease (Mize and Lea 1979) are consistent with 1950s Catskill mortality data. This period of high mortality is what Houston (1994) calls "phase one" of BBD, which "encompasses the effects resulting from the epidemic invasions and buildups of scale and pathogens" and is comparable with the cumulative effects of the advancing front and killing front stages described by Shigo (1972).…”

Section: Bbd Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 68%

The distribution and severity of beech bark disease in the Catskill Mountains, N.Y.

Griffin¹,

Lovett²,

Arthur³

et al. 2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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Abstract:The distribution and severity of beech bark disease (BBD) in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York state, U.S.A., were measured between 1997 and 2000. Forest composition was measured using wedge prism surveys and fixed-area plot counts of canopy species. BBD severity on individual trees was ranked from 1 (no disease) to 5 (dead) based on bark health and canopy loss. These data were analyzed at multiple spatial scales to determine possible controls of disease distribution and severity. BBD was present on almost all Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. (American beech) individuals encountered >10 cm diameter at breast height, but was most severe in larger diameter classes. Mortality due to BBD also increased with diameter class. A strong positive relationship was found between BBD severity and relative beech basal area at the tract (hundreds of hectares) and 100-m elevation band spatial scales, but not found at smaller scales. Successful long-range dispersal of the disease may therefore be dependent upon host density, while local conditions may control BBD severity within individual stands. The current status of BBD in the Catskills suggests these forests are entering the aftermath phase of the disease's progression and that BBD has become an endemic component of these forests.Résumé : La distribution et la sévérité de la maladie corticale du hêtre dans les monts Catskills du sud-est de l'État de New York aux États-Unis ont été mesurées entre 1997 et 2000. La composition de la forêt a été évaluée par un inventaire au prisme et le décompte des espèces dominantes dans des placettes à aire fixe. La sévérité de la maladie a été classée de 1 (sain) à 5 (mort) sur chaque arbre en se basant sur l'état de santé de l'écorce et la perte de cime. Ces données ont été analysées à plusieurs échelles spatiales pour déterminer les facteurs potentiels qui régissent la distribution et la sévérité de la maladie. La maladie était présente sur presque tous les hêtres à grandes feuilles (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) présents de plus de 10 cm au diamétre à hauteur de poitrine mais elle était plus sévère dans les plus fortes classes de diamètre. La mortalité due à la maladie augmentait aussi avec la classe de diamètre. Une relation positive étroite a été observée entre la sévérité de la maladie et la surface terrière relative des hêtres à l'échelle spatiale de la parcelle (centaines d'hectares) et de la bande de 100 m d'altitude mais pas à de plus petites échelles. La dispersion de la maladie sur de longues distances est par conséquent possiblement dépendante de la densité de l'hôte tandis que les conditions locales contrôlent vraisemblablement la sévérité de la maladie dans chaque peuplement. La situation pré-sente de la maladie dans les Catskills indiquent que ces forêts entrent dans la phase finale de la progression de la maladie et que celle-ci est devenue une composante endémique de ces forêts.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Griffin et al. 1760

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Section: Bbd Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 68%

The distribution and severity of beech bark disease in the Catskill Mountains, N.Y.

Griffin¹,

Lovett²,

Arthur³

et al. 2003

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…Mortality from BBD tends to increase with diameter and trees less than 10 inches d.b.h. are at low risk (Mize and Lea 1979). As beech trees are infected by beech bark disease, copious root suckers are produced (Nyland 2008).…”

Section: What We Foundmentioning

confidence: 99%

New York Forests, 2012

Widmann¹,

Crawford²,

Kurtz³

et al. 2015

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This report summarizes the second annual inventory of New York's forests, conducted in 2008-2012. New York's forests cover 19.0 million acres; 15.9 million acres are classified as timberland and 3.1 million acres as reserved and other forest land. Forest land is dominated by the maple/beech/ birch forest-type group that occupies more than half of the forest land. The sound wood volume on timberland has been rising and is currently 37.4 billion cubic feet, enough to produce saw logs equivalent to 93.7 billion board feet. On timberland, the average annual growth in volume of live trees outpaced removals by a ratio of 2.1:1. The net change in volume averaged 1.1 percent per year. This report includes additional information on forest attributes, land use, forest fragmentation, forest ownership, forest health indicators, timber products, statistics, and quality assurance of data collection. Detailed information on forest inventory methods and data quality are available online at http://dx

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“…Mize and Lea (1979) used t-tests on remeasurement data to gauge mortality and decline of individual beech trees in a northern hardwood stand in the Adirondack mountains of New York. According to their data, mortality associated with the killing front, restricted mostly to trees of larger diameter at breast height (dbh) and crown size, began in 1967, leaving an aftermath type forest from 1974 onwards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the growth of American beech affected by beech bark disease in Maine using the Kalman filter

Gove

Houston

1996

Environ Ecol Stat

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The effect of beech bark disease on tree growth was tracked using paired resistant and susceptible American beech trees in two locations in Maine. Within each site, the paired trees were chosen in close proximity and with similar morphological characteristics (e.g. stem diameter and crown class) to minimize environment effects in subsequent analysis. A Kalman filter approach was employed to analyse the yearly time-dependent mean differences between paired susceptible and resistant tree-ring widths using simple structural time series models in state space form. On one site, under the influence of a moderate maritime climate, stand dynamics is hypothesized to account for the 34 year difference in onset of decline of trees in codominant, versus those in the intermediate crown classes. The harsher winter conditions associated with the second, more northerly site and known to limit the insect component of the disease complex, are hypothesized to be more of a factor in the close (six year) difference in decline onset between the two crown classes on this site. Some strengths and cautions in the Kalman filter approach are discussed in relation to the analysis of time-dependent trends in treering series.

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The effect of the beech bark disease on the growth and survival of beech in northern hardwoods

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

The distribution and severity of beech bark disease in the Catskill Mountains, N.Y.

The distribution and severity of beech bark disease in the Catskill Mountains, N.Y.

New York Forests, 2012

Monitoring the growth of American beech affected by beech bark disease in Maine using the Kalman filter

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