The effect of the alarm substance on the central nervous excitation of the black tetraGymnocorymbus ternetzi (Characidae, Ostariophysi, Pisces) indicated by dorsal light response

Pfeiffer, Wolfgang; Riegelbauer, G.

doi:10.1007/bf00656882

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The faster swimming speeds observed in the predator treatment could be the result of factors other than tail depth (or length) (Van Buskirk & McCollum 2000), such as accelerating the development of functional hind limbs to aid in locomotion. Conversely, the predator treatment individuals may have a heightened sensitivity or alertness to a potential predator stimulus, due to exposure to predation‐associated chemical cues (Pfeiffer & Riegelbauer 1978; Hews & Blaustein 1985; Hews 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation‐induced plasticity in metamorphic duration inXenopus laevis

Walsh¹,

Downie

Monaghan

2008

Functional Ecology

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Summary 1.Many organisms are able to vary the duration of life-history stages in response to environmental conditions such as predation risk. However, in those undergoing a metamorphosis, it is not known whether the duration of the metamorphic phase itself can change in response to the presence of a predator, and whether this carries costs. 2. In experiments using the amphibian Xenopus laevis , we found that metamorphosis was accelerated in the presence of a predator and this occurred consistently across the natural range of temperatures experienced by Xenopus . 3. Although metamorphic climax was reduced in duration, a functional tail was maintained for longer in the presence of a predator. Furthermore, burst swimming speed was significantly faster for animals metamorphosing in the presence than in the absence of a predator. This suggests that the more rapid development induced by predator presence does not carry costs in terms of ability to escape predators during metamorphosis. 4. There was no evidence of post-metamorphic costs of faster metamorphic climax in terms of escape response since juveniles from the two predator treatments did not differ in burst swimming speed. However, individuals metamorphosing in the presence of predators lost proportionally more mass during metamorphosis, resulting in smaller juveniles than those without predators. This reduced juvenile size represents a potential cost of accelerating metamorphic development. 5. Therefore, conditions experienced during metamorphic climax, independent of larval conditions, can have a significant influence on the life histories of animals with complex life cycles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation‐induced plasticity in metamorphic duration inXenopus laevis

Walsh¹,

Downie

Monaghan

2008

Functional Ecology

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“…Reduced activity rates (Lawrence and Smith, 1989), increased emphasis on visual stimuli (Pfeiffer and Riegelbauer, 1978;Pfeiffer et aL, 1985a), changes in group size (Magurran and Pitcher, 1987) or modifications in foraging tactics (Milinski and Heller, 1978;Jakobsen and Johnsen, 1989;Lima and Dill, 1990) may be appropriate responses to danger but not conspicuous enough to be detected without quantitative analysis. Reduced activity rates (Lawrence and Smith, 1989), increased emphasis on visual stimuli (Pfeiffer and Riegelbauer, 1978;Pfeiffer et aL, 1985a), changes in group size (Magurran and Pitcher, 1987) or modifications in foraging tactics (Milinski and Heller, 1978;Jakobsen and Johnsen, 1989;Lima and Dill, 1990) may be appropriate responses to danger but not conspicuous enough to be detected without quantitative analysis.…”

Section: Smithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alarm signals in fishes

Smith

1992

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

524

398

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“…Many different aspects of the integrated stress response have been observed in fish after detection of alarm substance, including elevated plasma cortisol and glucose (Rehnberg et al, 1987), increased respiration rate (Lebedeva et al, 1993) and sharpened optical alertness (indicated by dorsal light responsiveness; Pfeiffer and Riegelbauer, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Scott

Sloman

Rouleau³

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

173

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SUMMARY Alarm substance is a chemical signal released from fish skin epithelial cells after a predator causes skin damage. When other prey fish detect alarm substance by olfaction, they perform stereotypical predator-avoidance behaviours to decrease predation risk. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of sublethal cadmium (Cd) exposure on the behavioural and physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to alarm substance. Waterborne exposure to 2 μg Cd l–1 for 7 days eliminated normal antipredator behaviours exhibited in response to alarm substance, whereas exposures of shorter duration or lower concentration had no effect on normal behaviour. Furthermore, dietary exposure to 3 μg Cd g–1 in the food for 7 days, which produced the same whole-body Cd accumulation as waterborne exposure to 2 μg l–1, did not alter normal behaviour,indicating that an effect specific to waterborne exposure alone (i.e. Cd accumulation in the olfactory system) results in behavioural alteration. Whole-body phosphor screen autoradiography of fish exposed to 109Cd demonstrated that Cd deposition in the olfactory system (rosette, nerve and bulb) during waterborne exposure was greater than in all other organs of accumulation except the gill. However, Cd could not be detected in the brain. A short-term elevation in plasma cortisol occurred in response to alarm substance under control conditions. Cd exposures of 2 μg l–1 waterborne and 3 μg g–1 dietary for 7 days both inhibited this plasma cortisol elevation but did not alter baseline cortisol levels. Our results suggest that exposure to waterborne Cd at environmentally realistic levels (2 μg l–1) can disrupt the normal behavioural and physiological responses of fish to alarm substance and can thereby alter predator-avoidance strategies, with potential impacts on aquatic fish communities.

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The effect of the alarm substance on the central nervous excitation of the black tetraGymnocorymbus ternetzi (Characidae, Ostariophysi, Pisces) indicated by dorsal light response

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Predation‐induced plasticity in metamorphic duration inXenopus laevis

Predation‐induced plasticity in metamorphic duration inXenopus laevis

Alarm signals in fishes

Cadmium disrupts behavioural and physiological responses to alarm substance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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