The effect of the addition of construction & demolition waste on the properties of clay-based ceramics

Abstract

Waste glass and reclaimed brick are types of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) that could potentially be used as secondary raw materials in the production of ceramics. Ceramics based on clay, waste demolished brick (5-15 wt.%) and waste glass (5-20 wt.%) were produced by pressing (P = 68 MPa) and subsequently sintered at 900, 950, 1000, and 1050 oC for one hour. The physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics obtained were evaluated. The addition of demolished brick decreased the density and mechanical properties of the clay specimens and increased the water absorption. The incorporation of waste glass improved the sintering behavior and its mechanical properties. The addition of 20 wt.% waste glass and 10 wt.% waste demolished brick into the clay matrix improved the flexural strength by up to 20.6 % and decreased the water absorption by up to 22 %. The approach presented promotes an opportunity to recycle construction and demolition waste into alternative resource materials, and represents a positive contribution to the environment.

The recycling of demolition roof tile waste as a resource in the manufacturing of fired bricks: A scale-up to the industry

“…The term "construction and demolition waste" reers to materials and products that are damaged or useless as a result o repair, demolition, and other construction-related activities [1,5]. This waste accounted or 30% o all the waste produced in the EU and 40% o the total municipal solid waste [6,7]. The C&D activities are considered the main source o waste in 2020 [8].…”

“…Steel ractions range rom about 4 to 6%, whereas the largest percentage o plastic is ound in Southern Europe (2.3%) [11]. As one o the main sources o waste, which is ocially landlled in Europe in 35%, but also ends up in wild dumps reaching a total o 54% [6,11], these materials are among the top ve waste products by quantity, and what's even more worrying is that this is predicted to increase in tandem with economic expansion [6,7]. While recycling is o high priority, notwithstanding the signicance o environmental considerations, user preerences indicate that the price/quality relationship remains the main determinant o consumer choice [13].…”

“…In another study, a raction o below 0.6 mm o C&D waste proved useul to be implemented in levels o 10 -25% to produce hand-molded bricks [20]. Furthermore, 20 wt% o waste glass and 10 wt% waste demolished brick ractions below 105 µm were successully mixed into the clay to make hydraulically-pressed bricks [6].…”

Formula optimization and thermodynamic evolution of high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles mainly enhanced by contrivable multi-phases

“…1,2 However, over the years, the exploitation and use of nonrenewable mineral resources as raw materials by ceramic manufacturers have led to debris flows, mountain collapses, and other severe natural disasters. 3,4 Under strict carbon emission policies, traditional small-sized porcelain ceramic tiles (10–20 mm thick) must be upgraded to high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles (3–5 mm thick), as the latter has 50%–80% and 40%–60% lower mineral consumption and emissions during processing compared to the former. 5 Nevertheless, several challenges remain in efficiently producing high-performance large-sized porcelain thin ceramic tiles at low costs in ceramic manufacturing.…”