The Effect of Texture and Microstructure on the Macroscopic Properties of Polycrystalline Piezoelectrics: Application to Barium Titanate and PZN–PT

Garcı́a, R. Edwin; Carter, W. Craig; Langer, Stephen A.

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00109.x

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The first 3D simulation of faceted grains of variable size (made by Voronoi tessellation from a random texture) represents an important step toward modeling real structures . In some cases, real 3D microstructures measured by serial sectioning and EBSD have been used as input, however, it is most often the case that microstructural input relies on simulation and extrapolation of selected grain morphology and orientation measurements …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical Response of Polycrystalline Barium Titanate Resolved at the Grain Scale

et al. 2016

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Ferroic materials are critical components in many modern devices. Polycrystalline states of these materials dominate the market due to their cost effectiveness and ease of production. Studying the coupling of ferroic properties across grain boundaries and within clusters of grains is therefore critical for understanding bulk polycrystalline ferroic behavior. Here, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction is used to reconstruct a 3D grain map (grain orientations and neighborhoods) of a polycrystalline barium titanate sample and track the grain-scale non-180°ferro-electric domain switching strains of 139 individual grains in situ under an applied electric field. The map shows that each grain is located in a very unique local environment in terms of intergranular misorientations, leading to local strain heterogeneity in the as-processed state of the sample. While primarily dependent on the crystallographic orientation relative to the field directions, the response of individual grains is also heterogeneous. These unique experimental results are of critical importance both when building the starting conditions and considering the validity of grain-scale modeling efforts, and provide additional considerations in the design of novel ferroic materials. K E Y W O R D Sdomains, microstructure, polycrystalline materials, X-ray methods

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromechanical Response of Polycrystalline Barium Titanate Resolved at the Grain Scale

et al. 2016

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“…In order to correlate experimental results with the model, these models must also properly describe preferred orientation. Though a few recent works by Garcia et al [73] and Ruglovsky et al [74] have begun to incorporate grain-grain and grain-bulk interactions in textured piezoelectrics, more work is needed, particularly in coupled theoretical/experimental studies, the examination of various crystal classes and grain shape distributions, and the modeling of extrinsic effects, such as domain wall contributions, to electromechanical properties.…”

Section: Crystallographic Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

The use of diffraction in the characterization of piezoelectric materials

Jones

2007

J Electroceram

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X-ray and neutron diffraction have become powerful characterization tools in materials research. Their leading use in the characterization of piezoelectric ceramics includes the determination of structure, phase evolution, crystallographic texture, and lattice strain. The inherent electromechanical coupling of piezoelectric materials also allows the direct characterization of the converse piezoelectric effect. New advances in diffraction capabilities have recently enabled new problem solutions within this field. For example, the use of microdiffraction has the potential to characterize structural defects including cracks and domain walls. The development of time-resolved techniques has further opened doors to characterizing ferroelectrics in real-time under the application of cyclic electric fields. These recent advances as well as traditional uses of X-ray and neutron diffraction in the characterization of piezoelectric materials and the phenomenon of piezoelectricity are explored in this review. A focus is on characterization of bulk, polycrystalline ceramics, though novel approaches in thin films and single crystals are also reviewed. Challenges and future opportunities are discussed.

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“…Nonetheless, this modest degree of orientation still proves to be valuable. Recent numerical methods demonstrate a high piezoelectric response in microstructures with modest degrees of texture; the greatest piezoelectric response in textured BaTiO 3 is found in microstructures with a maximum of 2.9 mrd 80 …”

Section: Textured Bismuth Titanate Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystalline Piezoelectrics

Jones

Iverson

Bowman

2007

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

100

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Piezoelectricity is manifested in ferroelectric ceramics by inducing a preferred volume fraction of one ferroelectric domain variant orientation at the expense of degenerate orientations. The piezoelectric effect is therefore largely controlled by the effectiveness of the electrical poling in producing a bias in ferroelectric (180°) and ferroelastic (non‐180°) domain orientations. Further enhancement of the piezoelectric effect in bulk ceramics can be accomplished by inducing preferred orientation through grain‐orientation processes such as hot forging or tape casting that precede the electrical‐poling process. Coupled crystal orientation and domain orientation processing yields ceramics with an even greater piezoelectric response. In this paper, preferred orientations of domains and grains in polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics generated through both domain‐ and grain‐orientation processing are characterized through pole figures and orientation distribution functions obtained using data from a variety of diffraction techniques. The processing methods used to produce these materials and the methods used to evaluate preferred orientation and texture are described and discussed in the context of prior research. Different sample and crystal symmetries are explored across a range of commercial and laboratory‐prepared materials. Some of the variables presented in this work include the effects of in situ thermal depoling and the detailed processing parameters used in tape casting of materials with preferred crystallite orientations. Preferred orientation is also correlated with anisotropic properties, demonstrating a clear influence of both grain and domain orientations on piezoelectricity.

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The Effect of Texture and Microstructure on the Macroscopic Properties of Polycrystalline Piezoelectrics: Application to Barium Titanate and PZN–PT

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Electromechanical Response of Polycrystalline Barium Titanate Resolved at the Grain Scale

Electromechanical Response of Polycrystalline Barium Titanate Resolved at the Grain Scale

The use of diffraction in the characterization of piezoelectric materials

Texture and Anisotropy of Polycrystalline Piezoelectrics

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