“…27,29,43,46,47 When ammonia removal was applied using simple activated bio-filters, fish survival and growth rates were similar to the controls. 39,48 The growth metrics of fish cultured in TWW, including specific growth rate, final body weight and weight gain, were reported to be either higher than the control treatments 27,29,30,40,49 or similar to the control treatments. 39,50 In none of the abovementioned studies was the growth rate in TWW lower than in the control.…”