The effect of temperature on the evolution of eutectic carbides and M 7 C 3  → M 23 C 6 carbides reaction in the rapidly solidified Fe-Cr-C alloy

Wieczerzak, K.; Bała, P.; Dziurka, R.; Tokarski, Tomasz; Cios, Grzegorz; Kozieł, Tomasz; Gondek, Ł.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.252

Cited by 119 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…More recently, Wieczerzak et al [35] studied the M 7 C 3 → M 23 C 6 transformation in an Fe-Cr-C ternary alloy using in-situ X-ray diffraction within the temperature range from 100 o C up to 800 o C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Recently, Wieczerzak et al [35] determined the effect of heat treatment on the evolution of carbides in a Fe-25Cr-0.8C alloy and found that the M 7 C 3 →M 23 C 6 transformation occurred at temperatures between 500 and o C. However, the detailed process of M 7 C 3 →M 23 C 6 transformation in stainless steel has not been reported. The current investigation aims to characterise the nature of the carbides in the ascast condition and after heat treatment at 1000 o C and to understand the mechanism of…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Wang

Flahaut

Zhu

et al. 2019

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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The transformation from M 7 C 3 → M 23 C 6 in a high performance micro alloy (HP-MA) was studied using different techniques. Following the cooling during the centrifugal casting, the as-cast HP-MA alloy consists of an austenitic matrix with the primary carbide network consisting of a combination of M 7 C 3 (M being mainly chromium) and MC (M being mainly niobium). During the heat treatment at 1000 o C, the primary chromium carbides transform from M 7 C 3 to M 23 C 6. The incompletely transformed primary carbide consists of an outer shell of M 23 C 6 carbide (coherent with the austenitic matrix) and a core of M 7 C 3 type carbide. The experimentally determined M23C6 shell thickness agrees reasonably well with the estimated diffusion distance of carbon in M 23 C 6 based on Zener's relation implying that the M 7 C 3 → M 23 C 6 transformation is mainly controlled by the diffusion of the carbon from M 7 C 3 to the matrix through the M 23 C 6 shell. This mechanism is discussed vis-à-vis the literature reported mechanism on the transformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Wang

Flahaut

Zhu

et al. 2019

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…As shown within the phase diagram in Figure b, M 23 C 6 carbides are supposed to be the stable phase at temperatures below 1040 °C in equilibrium condition which let assume that the carbide constitution changed from M 7 C 3 to M 23 C 6 when reaching temperatures below 1040 °C. In this regard, Wieczerzak et al studied the reaction of M 7 C 3 into M 23 C 6 carbides and found that eutectic M 7 C 3 carbides transform in situ into M 23 C 6 at temperatures between 500 and 600 °C, whereas at 800 °C, eutectic rods start to coalescence and form a continuous network which depict the contour on interdendritic regions . The total amount of precipitates is about 9 ± 3 vol% (Table ), whereby the global hardness increases to relatively high values of 368 ± 18 HV10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Chemical Inhomogeneities on Local Phase Stabilities and Material Properties in Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel

Hassend

Weber

2019

steel research int.

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Cr-Mo-alloyed cast martensitic stainless steels are suitable tool materials for a wide field of applications. Local inhomogeneities in the chemical composition, however, affect their local and global properties such as the hardenability and the corrosion resistance. Herein, the influence of microsegregations on phase stabilities and properties is investigated by means of property distribution maps (PDM) which are determined via thermodynamic and empirical calculations based on measured local chemical composition data. The results show that the enrichment of Cr and Mo in interdendritic regions benefits the local corrosion resistance but increases the solvus temperature of M 23 C 6 carbides from 1040 to 1150 C and depresses the martensite start temperature (M s ) to temperatures below 50 C locally. As predicted from the PDM, high-temperature austenitization at 1150 C combined with a cryogenic treatment at À80 C ensures a martensitic microstructure with relatively high hardness (592 AE 12 HV10) and significantly higher critical pitting potential compared with specimens austenitizized at 1050 C, which proves PDM to be a powerful tool for the optimization of heat treatment parameters. However, local transformation of austenite into δ-ferrite during austenitization at 1150 C must be considered.

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“…When the molten melt cooled to its eutectic temperature, the eutectic reaction will be activated, and then carbide and austenite will alternately grow to form eutectics, which are always reticular and continuously distributed at grain boundaries [7]. Because the hardness of (Fe, Cr)7C3 is very high, then the high wear resistance and hardness of Cr12MoV should be attributed to the eutectic structures distributed at the grain boundaries [8,9]. Unfortunately, it is this hard carbide which is often exhibited as the source of cracks and then reduces the ductility and toughness of this cold working die steel greatly.…”

Section: Eds Analysis Of the Matrix And Grain Boundary Precipitates Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solidification Behavior and Microstructure Analysis of a Cold Working Die Steel Prepared by Vacuum Arc Melting

Fang¹,

Huang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Civil Engineering (AMSCE 2017)

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Abstract-A new cold working die steel was prepared by vacuum arc melting. Its structure characteristics and micro-hardness were measured and investigated. The results indicate that the ingot is mainly composed of dendrites. The grain size increases gradually from the edge to the center along the horizontal direction. Along the longitudinal direction, the structure distributes axial-symmetrically and its evolution characteristics in the upper part differ from that in the lower part. The grain boundary segregates are eutectics composed of ferrite matrix and Cr carbides. Compared with the original Cr12MoV matrix steel, the solidification structure of the composition modified steel is improved, resulting in the lower hardness.

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The effect of temperature on the evolution of eutectic carbides and M 7 C 3 → M 23 C 6 carbides reaction in the rapidly solidified Fe-Cr-C alloy

Cited by 119 publications

References 40 publications

Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Influence of Chemical Inhomogeneities on Local Phase Stabilities and Material Properties in Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel

Solidification Behavior and Microstructure Analysis of a Cold Working Die Steel Prepared by Vacuum Arc Melting

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The effect of temperature on the evolution of eutectic carbides and M 7 C 3 → M 23 C 6 carbides reaction in the rapidly solidified Fe-Cr-C alloy

Cited by 119 publications

References 40 publications

Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Influence of Chemical Inhomogeneities on Local Phase Stabilities and Material Properties in Cast Martensitic Stainless Steel

Solidification Behavior and Microstructure Analysis of a Cold Working Die Steel Prepared by Vacuum Arc Melting

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Product

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Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C

Primary carbide transformation in a high performance micro-alloy at 1000 °C