The Effect of Temperature on Loss of Dry Matter and Carbohydrate From Leaves by Respiration and Translocation

Hewitt, S.; Curtis, Otis F.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1948.tb08145.x

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…As the duration of the post-labeling light period is increa'sed, the time of appearance of the dark period pulse is delaved somewhat although considerable variabil,ity is noted. Because this pulse is noted in both girdled and non-girdled plants it was lconcluded that the label does not arise in the tbeet below the hot-wire girdled zone, but from the source leaf itself, pre- (fig 1 and fig 6) which is ill accord with the findings of Hewitt and Curtis (14 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Translocation of ¹⁴C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Geiger

Batey

1967

Plant Physiol.

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Sutmmary. The time-course of arrival of '4C translocate in a sink leaf was studied in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cultivar Klein Wanzleben) for up to 480 minutes of darkness. Following darkening of the source leaf, translocation rapidly declined, reaching a rate approximately 25 % of the light period rate by 150 minutes. Com-parison of d-ata from plants that were girdled 1 cm below the crown with data from ungirdled plants indicates that after about 150 minutes darkness the beet root becomes a source of translocate to the sink leaf. After aboutt 90 minutes darkness, starch-like reserve polysacchariide from the source leaf begins to contribute 14C to ethanol soluble pools in that leaf. Because of a 15 % isoltope mass effect, sucrose, at isotopic saturation, reaches a specific activity which is about 85 % of the level of the supplied CO2. The souirce leaf sucrose specific activity remains at the isotopic saturation level for about 150 minutes of darkness, after which time input from polysaccharide reserves causes the specific activity to drop to about 55 % of that of the supplied CO2. Sucrose specific activity determinations, polysaccharide di ssoltution measurements, and pulse labeliing experiments indicate that following partial depletion of the sucrose pool, source leaf polysaccharide contributes to dark translocation. Respired CO2 from the pool which, unlike sucrose, remains at a to a simple source-path-sink system consisting of a mature source leaf and a small sink leaf attached to the beet and root system. Plants were grown by solution culture in controlled environment eabinets as described earlier (9, 10). In some experiments, a 1-cm zone of the beet, located 2 cm below the crown, was killed by heating it with a hot nichrome wire for 5 to 6 minutes. The heat was localized by a pair of asbestos shields fitted over the horizontally positioned beet. Heat girdling was performed 18 hours before labeling to allow time for desiccation. No wilting was noted in contrast to the occasional wilting following steam girdling, and essentially no radioactivity above background was found distal to the girdle. To determine the 14C content of various compounds in the source leaf, the entire leaf or a known portion constituting up to 25 % of the blade area was sampled. Extraction and chromatographic scanning methods for sucrose, glucose, and fructose have been reported previously (9). For specific activity determination, sugars from a 10 to 50 ml aliquot of the 80 % (v/v) ethanol extract of the supply leaf were separated by ion exchange chromatography on a 0.8 X 20 cm AG 1 X 8 borateform ion exchange column (16).The chloroform-extracted sample was reduced to 2 ml and adjusted to a concentration of 5 mM sodium borate before being added to the column. The sucrose, eluted with 5 mm soidium borate was generally present in the 40 to 100 ml fractions.source leaf appears to be derived from a uniform specific activiity.A ntumber o,f studies have shown that organic transloecation from a leaf decreases as a result of darkening (3,7, 10...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Translocation of ¹⁴C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Geiger

Batey

1967

Plant Physiol.

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“…Translocation of organic molecules, up or down, is normally limited to the phloem, while inorganic substances may move either in the xylem or phloem (17). Many workers find that translocation in the phloem is accelerated by temperature (4,13,25,26), although complicating factors of respiration, fixation, etc., enter the picture at temperatures above about 25°C. Leonard (15) and others (18,29) 2 hrs before washing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and P³² by Leaves

Barrier

Loomis

1957

Plant Physiol.

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Foliar applications of nutrient minerals and the increasing use of systemic pesticides have served to reemphasize the importance of absorption and translocation in plant physiology. Studies of the movement of these materials have an immediate application value; at the same time they can aid in the solution of basic problems in plant behavior.A number of workers (5,12,14,24,30) have stressed the importance of surfactants in increasing the effects of herbicides applied to leaves. Bryan et al (5) and Hauser (12) showed that the rate of absorption of 2,4-D as well as the total qualtity absorbed was increased by lowering the surface tension of sprays. Some of this effect is due to the better wetting leaves (12,21) (25) showed that p32 could be absorbed through leaf surfaces. The latter workers found, however, that this absorption was reduced by the single surfactant tried in their work.The older work on translocation is reviewed by Curtis (8). Mlore recent work, particularly as it applies to the mass-flow hypothesis, is reviewed by Crafts (6). Translocation of organic molecules, up or down, is normally limited to the phloem, while inorganic substances may move either in the xylem or phloem (17

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“…Tsuchida et al (2011) also demonstrated that drought stress inhibits growth and carbohydrate accumulation in Japanese apricot trees. These results prove that the sugar translocation rate limits the growth rate (Hewitt and Curtis, 1948). However, very little information has been obtained regarding the effect of a combination of drought stress and high temperature, which strictly control tree growth, on carbohydrate metabolism in Japanese apricot trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of High Temperature and Drought Stress on Carbohydrate Translocation in Japanese Apricot ‘Nanko’ Trees

Tsuchida¹,

Yakushiji

2017

Hortic J

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With the continuing trend of global warming, the adverse impact of high temperature and the inevitably accompanying drought stress on the growth of Japanese apricot trees (Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.) are of concern. Therefore, the effects of these factors on photosynthesis and carbohydrate translocation were analyzed. An investigation was conducted at average daytime temperatures of 24°C, 30°C, and 34°C under both irrigated and drought conditions. The 34°C temperature was higher than the open air temperature by 5°C. Stable isotope 13 C was administered to trees to determine carbohydrate positioning. Under the drought stress condition, the photosynthetic rate declined accompanied by temperature elevation, and at the highest temperature of 34°C, 13C concentrations in the twigs and roots were lower than those in the irrigated trees at 24°C. Two-way analysis of variance revealed a trend of 13 C translocation to the young organs above ground, and old organs, while roots were affected by water status, temperature, and their combination, respectively. In the irrigated trees, the photosynthetic rate reduction was not detected, even at higher temperatures. However, translocation incompetence reflecting a decline in 13 C concentration in the roots was observed at 34°C. These results indicate that the permissible diurnal average temperature during summer for the growth of Japanese apricot trees is approximately up to 30°C, and in the temperature range around this irrigation is helpful to facilitate regular functioning of carbohydrate translocation under drought stress conditions.

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The Effect of Temperature on Loss of Dry Matter and Carbohydrate From Leaves by Respiration and Translocation

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Translocation of ¹⁴C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Translocation of ¹⁴C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and P³² by Leaves

Effect of High Temperature and Drought Stress on Carbohydrate Translocation in Japanese Apricot ‘Nanko’ Trees

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The Effect of Temperature on Loss of Dry Matter and Carbohydrate From Leaves by Respiration and Translocation

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Translocation of 14C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Translocation of 14C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and P32 by Leaves

Effect of High Temperature and Drought Stress on Carbohydrate Translocation in Japanese Apricot ‘Nanko’ Trees

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Translocation of ¹⁴C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Translocation of ¹⁴C Sucrose in Sugar Beet during Darkness

Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and P³² by Leaves