The Effect of Temperature on Vegetative Growth in Climatic Races of Dactylis glomerata in Controlled Environments

Eagles, C. F.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084130

Cited by 77 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The decrease in SLA contrasts to the results of this study and was probably due to the different range of photoperiods (8-24 h) analysed. Different studies have shown that the effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and growth attributes vary not only among species, but also among ecotypes and varieties (Eagles 1967;Eagles and Ostgard 1971;Heide 1982). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses

1999

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The mechanisms responsible for fluctuations in species composition of semi-natural grassland are not well understood. To identify plant traits that determine the poor competitive ability of Festuca pratensis compared to Dactylis glomerata especially during summer, the growth of both grasses was monitored over time and at different temperatures and photoperiods. Plants of both grasses were grown from seed with non-limiting nutrient supply at three day/night temperatures (11/6, 18/13 and 25/20°C) and two photoperiods (16 and 12 h). F. pratensis had a significantly lower relative growth rate than D. glomerata, mainly due to its lower specific leaf area and reduced nitrogen productivity. At high temperature, F. pratensis had a considerably lower root weight ratio than D. glomerata leading to substantially slower root growth. F. pratensis responded to a shorter photoperiod with an increase in the net assimilation rate, whereas D. glomerata responded with an increase in specific leaf area. The low competitive ability of F. pratensis compared to D. glomerata was mainly associated with its lower specific leaf area and nitrogen productivity. The stronger decline of its competitive ability during summer was probably related to the decreased allocation of dry matter to the roots at higher temperatures which leads to slower root growth compared to D. glomerata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses

1999

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“…Intraspecific genetic variation in perennial grass species with respect to growth responses to temperature has been demonstrated. Mediterranean and Scandinavian origins of Dactylis glome rata L., Lolium perenne L., and Festuca arundinaceae Schreb., for example, differ in their temperature responses (Cooper 1964, Eagles 1967. Mediterranean races generally have lower temperature minima for growth than Scandinavian races, and they have less steep growth response curves to rising temperature than do northern origins (Wareing 1979 Although examples of the specific effects of fluctuating temperatures are known (Went 1957), many plants generally respond to the daily mean temperature.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Developmenta Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod diness than the corresponding northern genotypes, and there are also differences in the rates of hardening and dehardening. According to Eagles (1994), a UK cultivar of timothy dehardened in response to elevated temperature under short-day and long-day conditions, whereas a cultivar from northern Norway showed a marked daylength requirement, with dehardening being enhanced by a long photoperiod. A short photoperiod enhanced hardening of white clover genotypes from different latitudes, but the results did not indicate any significant adaptation to photoperiod (Junttila et al 1990 b).…”

Section: Survival Adaptation -Frost Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod

Junttila

1996

AFSci

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Plants respond to environmental conditions both by adaptation and by acclimation. The ability of the plants to grow, reproduce and survive under changing climatic conditions depends on the efficiency of adaptation and acclimation. The adaptation of developmental processes in plants to temperature and photoperiod is briefly reviewed. In annual plants this adaptation is related to growth capacity and to the timing of reproduction. In perennial plants growing under northern conditions, adaptation of the annual growth cycle to the local climatic cycle is of primary importance. Examples of the role of photothermal conditions in regulation of these phenological processes are given and discussed. The genetic and physiological bases for climatic adaptation in plants are briefly examined.Key words: development, flowering, frost resistance, growth ntroduction Plants respond to environmental conditions by both adaptation and acclimation. Adaptation consists of heritable modifications in structures or functions that increase the probability of an organism surviving and reproducing in a particular environment. Acclimation refers to nonheritable modifications caused by exposure of an organism to a changing environment, and is based on the structural and physiological plasticity of the plants. Plasticity is a unique feature of plants that has been suggested to have significance as an integral part of the mechanisms by which plants (a) control reproductive effort and (b) capture resources from their environments (Grime et al. 1986). Some plant characteristics. such as flower structures, seed and fruit anatomy, have very low plasticity. However, many of the basic characteristics that are important for plant growth and development and for plant yield, such as numbers of meristems, numbers of various organs, rates of division and expansion, show high plasticity (see also Trewavas 1986). Processes such as the breaking of dormancy by chilling and induction ofcold hardening by low temperature treatments are also expressions of the acclimation abilities of plants. Acclimation has, of course, a genetic basis and so is linked to adaptation. High plasticity and a high capacity for acclimation can be of major adaptive significance.The al. 1993). The phytotron is an indispensable research facility for systematically analysing the effects of climatic factors on plant growth and development, and a combination of phytotron and genetic approaches provides a powerful tool for studies on plant adaptation.As a result ofevolution and adaptation, there are 250 000 species of flowering plants. Intraspecies adaptation has resulted in climatic, as well as edaphic, ecotypes. Turesson (1922) defined ecotype as a genotypic response to the various environments in which the species is found. Ecotype is also used as a part of a dine. Environmental conditions may change gradually over the geographic range of a species, and dine is used to describe a gradual change in a character over this geographic range. Quantitative, physiological characters, such as r...

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“…Diurnal patterns of CER were also similar among genotypes. Treharne and Eagles (1970) noted that both winterdormant and nondormant populations of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) maintained photosynthetic rates of 12 to 24 mg COz dm+ hour-' at 5 C. However, the winter-dormant population ceased production of leaf tissue and utilized the photosynthate as storage carbohydrates, whereas the actively growing population did not accumulate carbohydrates and continued using assimilate for leaf growth (Eagles, 1967). Dry-matter production has been shown to be more closely related to leaf growth and leaf area increase than to photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area (Hanson, 1971;Yoshida, 1972;Rhodes, 1972;Hoveland et al, 1974).…”

Section: Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Growth, Leaf Aging, and Photosynthetic Rate of Tall Fescue Genotypes¹

Wilhelm¹,

Nelson

1978

Crop Science

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Leaf growth and leaf aging both influence the total amount of CO2 fixed by a particular leaf in the canopy during its photosynthetically productive life. Four genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were selected for all combinations of high and low CO2 exchange rates (CER) and yield. The purpose of this study was to determine CER during aging and leaf growth rates of tall fescue genotypes in growth chambers and in the field on a Mexico silt loam (Udollic Ochraqualfs; fine, montmorillonitic, mesic). Leaf growth of vegetative tillers in controlled environments was continuous throughout the day for all genotypes, regardless of CER or yield performance; however, leaf growth rate during a 24‐hour period changed diurnally in response to altered temperature and plant water status. Average leaf elongation rates were greater in the field during autumn (8.2 mm/ day) than in summer (4.2 mm/day). In both field and growth‐chamber studies, high‐yielding genotypes exhibited approximately 50% greater rates of both leaf elongation and leaf area expansion than did low‐yielding genotypes. During 4 weeks in a growth chamber and 6 weeks in the field, CER of all four genotypes decreased after collar formation at a rate of about 15 to 20% per week. Leaf diffusive resistances were similar for all genotypes and increased during aging from 1.42 sec/cm to 3.56 sec/cm in both studies. Genotypes with faster rates of leaf area development should reach critical leaf area index (LAI) faster than those with slow rates. They also would have relatively younger leaf tissue in the upper canopy, which is more efficient photosynthetically than older leaf tissue.

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The Effect of Temperature on Vegetative Growth in Climatic Races of Dactylis glomerata in Controlled Environments

Cited by 77 publications

References 12 publications

Dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses

Dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses

Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod

Leaf Growth, Leaf Aging, and Photosynthetic Rate of Tall Fescue Genotypes¹

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The Effect of Temperature on Vegetative Growth in Climatic Races of Dactylis glomerata in Controlled Environments

Cited by 77 publications

References 12 publications

Dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses

Dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses

Plant adaptation to temperature and photoperiod

Leaf Growth, Leaf Aging, and Photosynthetic Rate of Tall Fescue Genotypes1

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Leaf Growth, Leaf Aging, and Photosynthetic Rate of Tall Fescue Genotypes¹