“…For example, simple changes to pH, temperature, or ionic strength can impact overall strength of surfactants without changes to their structure. [1][2][3][4] By utilizing well-known chemical transformations, more promising control is shown in systems where dramatic changes in surfactant structure dictate their propensity to self-assemble. Specifically, switchable or cleavable surfactants create responsive assemblies with both reversible and irreversible responses.…”
Responsive surfactants designed with kinetic control to triggers are rare and offer new opportunities in generating tunable reactive assemblies. In this work, we discuss the design of novel molecular assemblies based on covalently triggerable surfactants programmed to respond exclusively to nucleophilic triggers to cause interfacial alterations. Through a formal SN2' type Michael addition chemistry, these induced alterations at the interface of single and dynamic double emulsions can be kinetically tuned and brought about by various small molecule nucleophiles and functionalized nanoassemblies to cause macroscopic responses -bursting or morphology changes. In addition, separate responsive modalities can be used to further control the emulsion systems to impart cascade trigger behavior and programmed release applications.
“…For example, simple changes to pH, temperature, or ionic strength can impact overall strength of surfactants without changes to their structure. [1][2][3][4] By utilizing well-known chemical transformations, more promising control is shown in systems where dramatic changes in surfactant structure dictate their propensity to self-assemble. Specifically, switchable or cleavable surfactants create responsive assemblies with both reversible and irreversible responses.…”
Responsive surfactants designed with kinetic control to triggers are rare and offer new opportunities in generating tunable reactive assemblies. In this work, we discuss the design of novel molecular assemblies based on covalently triggerable surfactants programmed to respond exclusively to nucleophilic triggers to cause interfacial alterations. Through a formal SN2' type Michael addition chemistry, these induced alterations at the interface of single and dynamic double emulsions can be kinetically tuned and brought about by various small molecule nucleophiles and functionalized nanoassemblies to cause macroscopic responses -bursting or morphology changes. In addition, separate responsive modalities can be used to further control the emulsion systems to impart cascade trigger behavior and programmed release applications.
“…4, that with rise in temperature, the enthalpic contribution toward decreases, while the entropic contribution increases for both the studied surfactants. The comparison of thermodynamic parameters of CTAB and DTAB (Table 2) concedes that by virtue of more hydrophobic nature of CTAB its micellization engages greater interruption of the solvent structure (Mehta et al, 2007; Noudeh et al, 2007).…”
Conductivity and spectroscopy techniques have been accomplished to comprehend the mechanism of supramolecular assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in aqueous solution of amikacin sulphate (0.001, 0.005, and 0.010 mol kg −1). For CTAB, the normal boost of the CMC value with rise in temperature manifests the significant role of aquaphilic dehydration. However, the aquaphobic dehydrations become prominent with temperature and depict typical U-shaped behavior of CMC for DTAB. The thermodynamic parameters of micellization have been derived from CMC values. The outcomes have been conferred in terms of solvation of hydrophobic part of surfactants by hydrophobic part of amikacin sulphate and micellization becomes more favorable for surfactant with more hydrophobic character in the presence of drug. The alteration in micro-environment of the ternary (drug/surfactant/water) system has been explained in terms of fluorescence emission intensity of surfactant solutions which has been found to decrease by the addition of drug. The obtained absorbance spectrum by varying concentrations of surfactant/drug affords noteworthy information regarding the diverse interactions in studied systems. Moreover, the exhaustive understanding of surfactant micellar behavior have been discussed in consideration of use of surfactants as drug delivery agents and hence to amplify drug bioavailability consequently remodeling its treatment efficacy.
“…Figure displays plots of Δ H CP 0 as a function of Δ S CP 0 in self-microemulsion region and microemulsion region. A linear dependence between enthalpy change and entropy change, ,− which is usually described in the form of eq :where T C is the compensation temperature; Δ H CP * , which is the intersection of the compensation plot, suggests the enthalpy effect under the condition of zero entropy change. It is known that the clouding process can be considered as the balance of a “solvation” part and a “chemical” part based on the theoretical basis.…”
Phase behavior of microemulsions composed of Kolliphor HS 15, caprylic/capric
triglycerides (GTCC), and water was investigated by phase diagrams
and conductivity measurements. In addition, ΔG
CP
0, ΔH
CP
0, and ΔS
CP
0 were also calculated because the clouding
phenomenon is controlled by energy. On the basis of the preliminary
contribution to the variation of both specific conductance and peak
current, the monophasic phase could be divided into self-microemulsion
and microemulsion regions. Besides, a shorter bicontinuous phase was
formed as the composition closing to the boundary between two subregions.
Furthermore, thermodynamic parameter showed that self-microemulson
was more stable than that of microemulsion, which was further supported
by cyclic voltammetry characterizing the two subregions. Dehydration
of solvation layer as αGTCC increasing is responsible
for the mechanism of the liquid–liquid phase separation process
and therefore of the thermodynamic stability.
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