The effect of temperature on the hatching performance of ostrich chicks, and its implications for artificial incubation in forced draught wooden incubators

Schalkwyk, SJ van; Cloete, S.W.P.; Brown, C.R.

doi:10.4314/sajas.v29i2.44215

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Peak weight was recorded during the third season which started late January. Our values on average egg weight (1641.38 + 72.99) was similar to the findings of Ar et al (1996) and Van Schalkwyk et al (1999) in the African black ostriches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Red-necked ostrich (struthio camelus camelus) egg production, external characteristics and hatchability

Elobied¹,

Mohammed²,

Amin³

2010

IJSR

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the average production performance of captive red-necked ostrich raised in the Sudan, pertaining to egg production, egg external characteristics and hatchability over three consecutive production seasons. The parent stock consisted of 9 males and 19 females, 2-3 years old and was in the second season of production, fed on 14% CP and 9.23MJ/Kg. The overall mean seasonal values showed 20.35 ±10.82 eggs produced per hen at a weight of 1650.73 ±215.89 gm with fertility 54.59±20.09 % and hatchability of incubated eggs 32.65± 16.22 %, with fertile ones 57.41± 17.53 %. Mean external physical egg measurements were 44.53 ± 1.13 and 40.35 ± 0.90 for mean circumference length and width, 15.43 ± 0.55 and 12.56 ± 0.38 cm for axial length and width of 139 fresh eggs of the first year lay measured. Shape index value was 81.79 ± 0.76. The overall means of hatching egg weight, water loss % of hatched eggs, one day chick's weight and the percentage of chicks to the egg weight were 1687.80 ±201.47 gm, 10.99±2.07 %, 1094.11± 185.20 gm and 64.58± 05.09 % respectively. Results were compared to similar ones in open literature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Incubated egg water loss throughout the three seasons was higher for the hatched ones (10.99 + 2.07%) and lower for the late dead embryos or dead in the shell (8.79 + 1.72%). Comparable findings were reported by Sahan et al (2003); Nahm (1999); Bowsher (1992);and Van Schalkwyk et al (1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Red-necked ostrich (struthio camelus camelus) egg production, external characteristics and hatchability

Elobied¹,

Mohammed²,

Amin³

2010

IJSR

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“…Optimum incubator temperature used in automatic incubators is normally defined as that required to achieve maximum hatchability 17 . The physiological requirements of the developing ostrich embryo are met by the control of temperature 35 , humidity 30 , gaseous environment 37 and the turning of eggs 36 . Although hatchability of artificially incubated ostrich eggs can reach 80 %, it is typically between 30 % to approximately 60 % 13,36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to shell deaths during artificial incubation of ostrich eggs

Brand¹,

Cloete²,

Brown³

et al. 2007

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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he ostrich industry experiences a high rate of embryonic mortalities during artificial incubation of eggs. Embryonic deaths were studied from data recorded on 37 740 fertile eggs incubated artificially during the 1998-2005 breeding seasons. Roughly 10 000 eggs that sustained embryonic mortalities were classified according to the stage and nature of death, i.e. before 21 days of incubation, after 21 days of incubation, deaths after pipping and rotten eggs. Although infection may have played a role in ~1300 rotten eggs, no detailed knowledge of the pathogens involved was available. The remainder of deaths could not be related to pathogens and the deaths were thus generally referred to as non-infectious. The overall level of embryonic mortality in all the eggs studied was 28.5 %. Overall embryonic mortality was affected by incubator, with higher levels (57.0 %) found in eggs incubated in an African Incubator(R) and also in eggs that were transferred between incubators during incubation (38.1 %). Overall embryonic mortality also increased in eggs produced by older females. Eggs produced in the autumn had the highest level of embryonic mortality at 53.6 %, whereas eggs produced in the winter had a marginally higher level of embryonic mortalities of 29.2 % compared with eggs produced during summer (27.4 %). Eggs produced by South African (SA) Black males crossed to Zimbabwean Blue females had high levels of embryonic losses of 45.7 %. The embryonic mortality of eggs produced by SA Blacks or Zimbabwean Blue breeding birds subjected to pure breeding was similar at ~33-34 %, but embryonic mortality was improved in eggs produced by Zimbabwean Blue males crossed to SA Black females (27 %). Embryonic mortality was increased in eggs that were set directly (32.0 %) or subjected to longer than 6 days of storage (43.5 %). Embryonic mortality was affected by year. The results that were obtained will assist in determining non-infectious factors that have a negative effect on hatching success. Steps can thus be taken to eliminate such factors that may compromise hatching success

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“…Numerous factors affect the successful hatching of artificially incubated eggs, for example evaporative water loss, female age, season, storage conditions prior to setting, and genotype (Blood et al, 1998;Van Schalkwyk et al, 1999;Brand et al, 2007;. However, almost all avian eggs need to be turned throughout incubation for correct embryonic development to take place (Tullett & Deeming, 1985;Deeming, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hatch traits of artificially incubated ostrich eggs as affected by setting position, angle of rotation and season

Brand¹,

Cloete²,

Brown³

2021

SA J. An. Sci.

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High levels of hatching failure in artificially incubated ostrich eggs cause considerable loss in income for the industry. During the 2015 - 2016 breeding seasons, between 846 and 1 549 egg records were used to determine the effect of various setting positions during artificial incubation. Fresh eggs were placed in trolleys to be turned automatically through a 60-degree or a 90-degree angle hourly in the setter. Additional treatments in a factorial design consisted of eggs set in the horizontal position for the total period of five weeks in the setter; eggs set horizontally for three weeks and vertically for two weeks; and eggs set vertically for five weeks in the setter. These treatments were repeated over two production years to represent various seasons, namely winter (June to August), spring (September to November) and summer (December). Late embryonic mortalities were improved significantly in eggs set in trolleys to turn through an angle of 90 degrees (0.16 ± 0.02) compared with eggs set in trolleys to turn through 60 degrees (0.28 ± 0.02), regardless of season and setting position. The preferred way of setting ostrich eggs would thus be in the vertical position in a trolley that turns hourly through an angle of 90 degrees with the air cell upwards to utilize incubator space optimally. Keywords: chick weight, embryonic mortalities, moisture loss, ostrich, pipping time

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The effect of temperature on the hatching performance of ostrich chicks, and its implications for artificial incubation in forced draught wooden incubators

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Red-necked ostrich (struthio camelus camelus) egg production, external characteristics and hatchability

Red-necked ostrich (struthio camelus camelus) egg production, external characteristics and hatchability

Factors related to shell deaths during artificial incubation of ostrich eggs

Hatch traits of artificially incubated ostrich eggs as affected by setting position, angle of rotation and season

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