The Effect of Temperature on the Spontaneous Activity of Speckled Trout Before and After Various Lesions of the Brain

Abstract

The frequency of spontaneous movements made by speckled trout was determined at a number of different constant temperatures. The relation between the frequency and temperature was found to be complex, showing two maxima. One of these constantly occurred at approximately the temperature selected by normal trout in a horizontal temperature gradient and the other occurred two to three degrees below the upper lethal temperature.The relation between frequency of movements and temperature was not affected by (1) destruction of the forebrain, (2) by section of the lateral line nerves, or (3) by destruction of both the forebrain and the dorsal part of the cerebellum. Destruction of only the dorsal part of the cerebellum profoundly changed the relation between frequency of movements and temperature: it caused the disappearance of the first peak.Brief consideration was given to the legitimacy of relating the activity of animals in different constant levels of environmental factors with behavior in gradients of these factors.

Thermal behaviour of crustaceans

“…However, Fry (1964) noted that some studies on fish (Fisher, 1958;Fisher & Sullivan, 1958) found a peak in activity around the preferred temperature. In these cases activity levels decreased at higher temperatures until close to the upper lethal temperature where another maximum was reached.…”

“…Rozin & Mayer (1961) found instrumental learning (lever pressing responses) to occur in goldfish (Carassius auratus) with thermal reinforcement. Fishes have thermoreceptors in their skin and in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus, which is also a thermoregulating centre (Fisher, 1958 ;Fisher & Sullivan, 1958 ;Prosser, 1991, pp. 140-141).…”

“…In several studies on fish W. W. Reynolds & M. E. Casterlin observed a secondary activity minimum, which they called an ' activity well' (Reynolds & Casterlin, 1979 d ). However, Fry (1964) noted that some studies on fish (Fisher, 1958;Fisher & Sullivan, 1958) found a peak in activity around the preferred temperature. In these cases activity levels decreased at higher temperatures until close to the upper lethal temperature where another maximum was reached.…”

Influence of Variable Interannual Summer Water Temperatures on Brook Trout Growth, Consumption, Reproduction, and Mortality in an Unstratified Adirondack Lake

“…Schofield et al (1993) demonstrated that optimal growth occurs between 118C and 168C. At 208C, brook trout activity rates are lowest (Fisher and Sullivan 1958) and metabolism is maximized (Hartman and Cox 2008). The upper incipient lethal temperature for yearling brook trout was identified as 25.38C (Fry et al 1946), but others have suggested that published upper thermal tolerance limits may be slightly overestimated for larger brook trout (Ricker 1979;Schofield et al 1993).…”

Potential impacts of climate change on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in streams draining the Laurel Hill in Pennsylvania

“…The two LH cool-water receiving streams -Loyalhanna (the NW receiving stream) and Laurel Hill (the SE receiving stream) creeks also received stream and riparian air temperature data loggers deployed and downloaded on the same dates as those of the headwater streams. Temperatures exceeding 20 C are widely cited as initiators of physiological stress in brook trout (Fisher and Sullivan 1958;Power 1980;Hartman and Cox 2008); however, temperatures exceeding 18 C can be detrimental to growth and survival of fry and juveniles (McCormick et al 1972;Raleigh 1982;Robinson et al 2010). In order to better represent the entire brook trout life cycle, we used the conservative 18 C benchmark as the threshold for physiological stress in these populations.…”